( 412 ) 



Like tilt' othei- local forms of P. ((atipluUes, the Iiulo-Malayan race is very 

 variable, and sometimes scarcely different fi-om the Chinese form. The two basal 

 black bands on the upperside of the forewings are mostly not prolonged beyond the 

 median nervure ; the marginal band seldom reaches the submedian vein ; on the 

 hiudwings there are no submarginal black spots between the discoidal nervules ; 

 the anal black spot is widely separated from the greyish caudal region, and the black 

 markings on the underside of the hindwings are rather small. But all these characters 

 are highly variable, even in specimens from the same locality. I have about forty 

 specimens from Thaiping, ]\Ialay Peninsula, which exhibit a good deal of variation. 



If we consider the specimens with the tail (except its tip) and the caudal region 

 of the hindwings of a deep black colour to be typical P. antiphates alcibiades Fabr. 

 (see above), we must treat P. antiphates javanicus Kimer as a synonym of it, and 

 there remain only the following named aberrations : — 



(a^j : ab. nebulosus Butl. 



Pnpillo „el,uli,su^ Butler, Am,. Mag. X. B. (5). VII. p. .'S3, t. 4. f. 3 (1881) (D.arjeeling) ; Nici'ville, 

 ibid. p. 385 (1881) ; Elwes, ibiil. p. 469 (1881). 



I have an example of this melanistic variety from Sikkim (Muller collection, 

 1. vii. 8(5), which, has the forewings black, with a submarginal white band reaching 

 about tlie middle median nervule, and with four white bands extending from the 

 costal margin to the median nervure. 



(?/-) : ab. continentalis Eimer. 



Piipilio antiphttes couliiieiitalis Eimer, I.e. p. 137 (1889). 

 Papilin uutqihdtcs Eimer, l.r. t. 2. f. 1. 3 (1889). 



Caudal region of the hindwings suffused with bhick ; siiliapical black band on 

 the ujiperside of the forewings not posteriorly united to the black marginal border. 



(c-) : ab. itamputi Butl. 



Papilio itamputi Butler, Forbes' Natural. Wander, p. 276 (1885) (Suniatr.i). 



PapHin aiitiplmles ilanipuli, Eimer, I.e. p. 135 (1889). 



Pajiilin uutiphates, Snellen, Tijdxehr. v. Ent. XXXIII. p. 221 (1890) (Sumatra); id., Midden- 



Sumatra. U. p. 25. n. 2 (1892) (.Sumatra). 

 Paj.ilia (Ditiphatci Ya.T. pompiliu-i, Hageii, Iris VII. p. 27. n. 32 (1894) (Sumatra). 



Differs from the preceding aberration in having the marginal and the sub- 

 marginal black bands on the upperside of the forewings united posteriorly. 



This seems to be the usual form in Sumatra, but occurs also in other localities. 



(d-) : ab. ceylonicus Eimer. 

 Pathjim (uitqihalcs, Moore, Lep. Cei/!. p. 142. t. 03. f. 1. la (1881). 

 Papiliu antiphates ceijhmieus Eimer, l.c. p. 149 (1889) (Ceylon). 



Two basal black bands on the upperside of the forewings extending beyond the 

 median nervure; fourth band broad and reaching the median vein (not triangular). 

 In tliese two characters ah. ceyleniicufi agrees with tyi)ieal antiphdlcn, from which it 

 is distinguished by the greyish black caudal area of the upperside of the hindwings 

 being very much restricted. 



llah. Ceylon (1 S); South and Central India; .'Vs.sam (4 6); Sikkim (15 S, 

 1 ?); Burma; Shan States (9 S) ; Malacca (41 3,\ ?); Sumatra {!) S); Nias ; 

 Java (6 c?); Sambawa (2 c?, 1 ?); Bunguran (2 S); Borneo (5 cJ) ; Banguey (1 cJ). 



