(448) 



further east. Though P. agamemnon is a rather variable species, the distinguishing 

 characters of the different local forms are not so conspicuously marked as in many 

 of the other wide-ranging Papilios. The races inhabiting the Indo-^Ialayan Sub- 

 region, and Celebes, Wetter, Dammer, Tenimber, have the wings more elongate than 

 those from the Papuan Subregion. Generally the tails of the males are shorter 

 than in the other sex, especially so in the Moluccan and Papuan forms. The red 

 markings on the underside of the hindwings are much feebler in the western than 

 in the eastern forms of P. agdinemnoa; the spot behind the costal margin chiefly 

 is very conspicuous in the Moluccan races; at the anal angle there is mo.stly only 

 one red spot present ; but in the forms fiom the Nicobars, Moluccas, and the Solomon 

 Islands, the lowest spot of the discal row of greenish markings, standing between the 

 two lower median nervules, is also covered with red scales, and most of the specimens 

 from Guadalcanar (Solomon Islands), and my two Nicoter examples, have a number 

 of additional minute red spots in the basal parts of the middle cellules, well separated 

 from the discal, extra-cellvdar, row of greenish white spots, and thus remind one in 

 some way of the red discal line on the underside of the hindwings of P. aristeus 

 Cram, and its allies. 



Wallace's local form c (from Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo, .Java) cannot be separated 

 from the tyi^ical P. agamemnon from the Mainland and the Philippines; the 

 the characters " size small ; tails very short " by which Wallace distinguished his 

 local farm c ai)ply only to some of the specimens. Generally the binder angle of 

 the fore\vings is more oblique in the individuals from North, West, and South India 

 and Ceylon. 



The ten races of P. agamemnon L. can be distinguished as follows : — 



A. I'nderside of the hindwings with one red spot near anal angle. 



«. Green discal mark between lower median nervules on u])perside of hind- 

 wings about twice as broad (or more) as the black inters[)ace 

 before it. 



rt^. Third macular band to forewings (counted from the base) 



consisting of five spots; front of the head with two pinkish 



spots anteriorly. P. agamemnon L. 



6-."Third macular band consisting of four spots. Head without 



pinkish spots. subsp. ligatus m. 



b. That mark as broad as the interspace before it, or narrower. On the 



underside of the forewings the discal s\K>t before the uiiper median 

 nervule is entirely covered with scales, while in typ. agamemnon this 

 spot is, towards cell, free from scales and here green. 

 «'. Costal margin of forewings evenly arched. Size small. 



subsp. exilis m. 

 &•. Costal margin of forewings suddenly ardied near base. Size large. 



subsp. celebensis Fickert. 



B. Under.side of hindwings in anal region with a .second red spot standing between 



lower median nervules. 



c. Submarginal and discal spots on upperside of hindwings obliterated. 



c'. Spots of the median band of forewings below scaled. 



subsp. neopommeranius Honr. 

 rfi. These spots only partly scaled (as in typical agamemnon L.). 



subsp. argynnus Druce. 



