164 ARTHROPOD A. 



and the position of the abdomen. The size of the abdomen 

 differs in male and female. To what use is the larger abdomen 

 of the female adapted? 



2. Note the antennce, antennules, and eyes, and see how they 

 are packed away in recesses in the carapace. In the living 

 animal see if any of these are frequently moved. 



3. The third maxillipeds are flattened and cover the other 

 mouth appendages. 



4. Straighten the abdomen and note the anus. Compare the 

 abdomen of a male with that of a female and both with that of the 

 lobster. The dorsal side of each segment is covered by a tergum. 

 The covering between each pair of pleopods is the sternum, the 

 immovable flap lateral to them is the pleuron. Compare the ab- 

 dominal appendages or pleopods of a male and a female. 



5. The ventral side of the cephalo-thorax is covered by the 

 sternal plastron. Note the eight sterna and six pairs of lateral 

 episterna, the anterior pair of which is very small. 



6. In the female find the openings of the oviducts in the 

 sixth sternmn. 



Make a drawing of the ventral side. 



7. Expose the gill chamber and compare the gill distribution 

 with that of the lobster. 



8. Remove the left third maxilliped entire, and compare it 

 with the same appendage of a lobster. The protopod is com- 

 posed of two segments (coxopod and basipod). The endopod 

 has five pieces (ischipod, nieropod, carpopod, propod, and dactyl- 

 opod). The exopod has two large and many small segments. 

 Attached to the coxopod laterally is an epipod which extended 

 into the gill chamber. 



9. Remove the remaining mouth appendages on the left side 

 and compare them with the third maxilliped. They are: second 

 maxilliped bearing epipod and two small gills; first maxilliped 

 with an epipod; second maxilla with a flattened exopod, called 

 the scaphoghathite, which is made up of both exopod and epipod 

 and which has a special function that should be understood; 

 first maxilla, thin and leaf-like; mandible with two hard rods 

 for the attachment of muscles. 



