PLANTS DECIDUOUS ■ FALL AND WINTER 



Buds, Twigs Opposite 



1. Plants woody climbers or vinelike shrubs. 

 2. Stems climbing by tendrillike leaflet stalks, ridged, grooved, 

 swollen at joints; leafstalks persistent, hiding leaf scars; old 



bark shredding in long strips; buds conspicuous at joints of old 

 wood; "seeds" (achenes) with long, hairy tails, clustered, some- 

 times persistent; moist sites, e. Oreg., e. Wash. 



clematis and virginsbower (Clematis spp.). 

 3. Leafstalks with 5 7 leaflet stalks; stems high-climbing, often 

 over trees; common in stream valleys. 



western virginsbower (Clematis ligusticifolia,. 



3. Leafstalks with only 3 leaflet stalks; stems low-climbing or 

 clambering over rocks; moist sites in open mountain woods. 



Columbia rock clematis (Clematis verticillaris 



var. columbiana). 

 2. Stems and leafstalks not as above; leaf scars visible, each pair 

 connected by ridge or line; bundle traces 3 ; in moist woods. 



4. Stems spirally twining, to 30 feet long, often climbing over 

 trees; pith hollow; buds pale straw-colored, hairless; end buds 

 present; bud scales lance-shaped, at least 2 pairs visible, equal 

 in size; berries orange to bright red, in short-stalked heads, 

 rarely persistent but leaving tissue-papery bracts at their 

 darkened attachment scars; e. slopes of Cascades, Wallowa 

 and Blue Mts., e. Oreg., e. Wash. 



western trumpet honeysuckle (Lonicera ciliosa). 



4. Stems reclining or arching and rooting at tips to form tangled 

 thickets; pith solid, white to yellowish; buds bright red, tiny 

 (/s inch long), bluntly pointed or white-hairy-tufted at tip, 

 white-hairy-fringed around base; true end buds sometimes 

 developed but usually the top 2 side buds erect at twig tips; 

 fruits ("keys," or samaras) long-stalked, their wings in a 

 nearly straight line, sometimes persistent at twig tips; com- 

 mon w., occasional e. of Cascades, Oreg., Wash., Wallowa Mts., 

 ne. Oreg. vine maple (Acer circinatum).* 1 



1. Plants erect shrubs (sometimes with arching or reclining branches) 

 or trees. 

 5. End buds lacking, twig tips dying back to top pair of side buds. 



(See also vine maple, under "4".) 



6. Leaf scars conspicuous, crescent- or shield-shaped, meeting 

 or connected by line or ridge on which dark glandlike or 

 wartlike stipules or stipule scars are sometimes present; 

 bundle traces 5 (or 3-7); buds solitary or multiple, stalked or 

 stalkless; several pairs of bud scales visible; pith large, soft, 

 white to yellowish or dark brown; branched fruit-cluster 

 stalks persistent after "berries" (drupes) fall; tall shrubs or 

 small trees of moist sites elders (Sambucus spp.) . 



■■" In open sites vine maple grows also as an erect shrub or as a small tree; how- 

 ever it is not included again in this winter key. 



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