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HANDBOOK 148, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



7. Twigs, "berries" not waxy- whitened; stipules (or stipule 

 scars) usually present; buds relatively large; pores (lenti- 

 cels) corky or warty, often conspicuous; pith yellowish to 

 brown; "berries" in rounded or pyramidal end clusters with 

 central axis; shrubs of moist mountain woods. 

 8. Stipules black, glandlike, crescent-shaped, usually 2, 

 flattened against line or ridge between leaf scars; buds 

 almost globe-shaped; "berries" shiny-black; "seeds" cross- 

 wrinkled; erect shrubs; stems sometimes arching or re- 

 clining, often in patches; e. slopes of Cascades, Wallowa 

 and Blue Mts., e. Oreg., e. Wash. 



blackbead elder (Sambucus melanocarpa) . 

 8. Stipules strap-shaped with callus tips, not winter-persis- 

 tent but leaving several wartlike scars along line or ridge 

 between leaf scars; buds egg-shaped, with pointed tips; 

 "berries" red; "seeds" smooth; shrubs with spreading 

 stems, forming loose, open clumps; Cascades, Oreg., 

 Wash., not reported from Wallowa or Blue Mts.; type 

 locality, Crater Lake area, Oreg. 



western red elder (Sambucus leiosperma).™ 

 6. Leaf scars not as above. 



9. Clustered seed pods (capsules) conspicuous even at a dis- 

 tance, stalked, top-shaped, 3- to 5-celled, splitting down 

 middle-back of each cell; sterile shoots with bright reddish- 

 tan, cross-checked bark; leaf scars with thin, tissue-papery 

 membranes covering buds until they start swelling, then 

 splitting down between the 3 bundle traces; branches up- 

 curving, wide-spreading; common in moist sites in open 

 woods or along roads, e. Oreg., e. Wash. 



Lewis mockcrange (Philadelphus lewisii). 



Withered stem 

 Topmost pair of side buds 



everal wartlike stipule 

 scars 



landlike, crescent-shaped 

 stipules 



Blackbead elder 



F-494097 



Three bundle traces in le^^Oa 

 scar 



Western red elder 



8 Field observations needed to determine relationship between western red 

 elder and Pacific red elder (Sambucus callicarpa) typically a shade-tolerant tall 

 shrub or small tree of the redwoods area of the California Coast ranges. 

 Pacific red elder was originally described by Dr. E. L. Greene (Flora Franciscana, 

 p 343 1892.) as having white pith, small winter buds and strap-shaped stipules 

 with callus tips. Some authors regard these two red-berried elders as one species. 

 Sambiicus callicarpa. 



