174 HANDBOOK 14 8, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



11. Stems vinelike, trailing, to 4 or 5 feet long, slender, 

 slightly woody, leafing, rooting, or sending up short 

 (to 8 inches high), finely glandular-hairy shoots at 

 stem joints (nodes) or tips; leaves to nearly 1 inch 

 long, variable, usually round in outline and wedge- 

 shaped at base, dark shiny green on upper surface, 

 pale and veiny on under surface; margins scallop- 

 toothed; flowers pinkish, tubular-bell-shaped, to }{ 

 inch long, stalked, in pairs at tips of nearly leafless 

 flowering shoots; twin, awl-shaped bracts near base of 

 each flower and at tip of flowering shoot; seed pods 

 (capsules) egg-shaped, glandular-hairy, yellowish, 

 crowned with 5, sharply pointed, soon-falling calyx 

 lobes; common in favorable sites, e. Oreg., e. Wash. 

 American twinflower (Linnaea borealis var. ameri- 

 cana). 

 11. Stems not vinelike or trailing. 



12. Shrubs to 3 or 4 feet high, much-branched; branches 

 spreading or ascending, dark, rigid, 4-sided, ridged, 

 usually very leafy; leaves variable, egg- to spatula- 

 shaped, to 1% inches long; margins finely saw- 

 toothed (at least above the middle), often slightly 

 rolled-under; flowers greenish or reddish, small, few, 

 in nearly stalkless clusters in leaf axils; seed pods 

 (capsules) pale, egg-shaped, to ){ inch long, splitting 

 down from top into 2 valves; seeds 1 or 2, shiny 

 brown or black, more or less enclosed by whitish, 

 deeply fringed outgrowth (aril) ; Blue and Wallowa 

 Mts., at middle elevations, also in the Cascades; 

 type locality, Lolo Trail near Hungry (Lolo) Creek, 

 n. Idaho. myrtle (or mountain- 

 lover) pachistima (Pachistima myrsinites). 

 12. Half-shrubs to 1 foot high, clumped or matlike, 

 erect, from long, scaly, underground stems; leaves 

 shiny, sharply toothed, in annually produced whorl- 

 like clusters or (mostly) opposite, green and per- 

 sistent 3-8 years before long-stalked flower clusters 

 appear at shoot tips; buds in leaf axils not opening 

 until after flowering, then developing into leafy 

 branches which bear smaller flower elusters at their 

 tips; flowers 1-9, stalked, whitish or pink to purplish, 

 saucer-shaped ; calyx lobes finely toothed, persistent ; 

 stamen stalks swollen, white-hairy near base; anther 

 sacs erect at first, hanging when mature, shedding 

 pollen from round pores at tips; seed pods (capsules) 

 globe-shaped, 5-angled, opening along middle-backs 

 of the 5 cells, topped by persistent, close-fitting, 

 shield-shaped stigma; seeds many; moist evergreen 

 woods; middle altitudes, Cascades, mts. of e. Oreg., 

 e. Wash. 

 pipsissewa, or princes-pines ( Chimaphila spp.). 41 



41 See Herbert F. Copeland. Observations on the Structure and Classification of 

 the Pyroleae. Madrono 9: 65-102. 1947. 



