PLANTS DECIDUOUS • SPRING AND SUMMER 



Leaves Alternate and Simple 

 Plants Unarmed • With Catkins 



[Flowers scaly bracted, in elongated clusters (catkins or aments) — oak, hazel, 

 alders, birches, aspen, Cottonwood, and willows] 



1. Pollen-producing flowers in string- or tassellike catkins; nut- 

 producing flowers not in catkins, becoming acorns or hazel nuts. 



oak and hazel. 

 2. Leaves pinnate-lobed, to 6 inches long, dark shiny green and 

 nearly hairless above, pale green with yellowish, clustered or star- 

 shaped hairs underneath, in 2/5 (clockwise) arrangement on twig; 

 pith somewhat 5-angled in cross section; pollen-producing flowers 

 in drooping stringlike catkins from buds near tips of last year's 

 twigs, spring-blooming, soon withering, on same plant with the 

 single or paired acorn-producing flowers in leaf axils on new twigs ; 

 acorns ripe in one season, to \){ inches long, in saucer- or top- 

 shaped cups, stalkless or nearly so; trees (shrubby at high ele- 

 vations), stump- or root-sprouting; common west, often locally 

 abundant east slopes of Cascades, along streams tributary to 

 Yakima and Columbia Rivers, Wash., and southward to Mt. 

 Hood National Forest, Oreg. ; type locality, "on the plains near 

 Fort Vancouver," along the Columbia River. 



Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana). 



2. Leaves not pinnate-lobed, rarely somewhat 3-lobed, doubly saw- 

 toothed on margins, to 4 inches long, sparsely hairy above, soft- 

 hairy, net-veined and velvety to touch underneath, in 1/2 (clock- 

 wise") arrangement on twig* (2-ranked) ; twigs slender, zigzag, 

 with spreading, yellowish (often gland-tipped) hairs; pollen- 

 producing catkins whitish-hairy, tassellike, preformed and out of 

 their buds by late summer or early fall but flowers not opening to 

 shed pollen until late winter or early spring; hazel nuts (filberts) 

 in green or brown, rough-hairy, fringe-beaked husks, single or 

 2- to 4-clustered at twig tips; tall, clustered shrubs (sometimes 

 treelike and to 25 feet high), often suckering from base, some- 

 times thicket-forming; mostly w., occasionally e. of Cascades, 

 Oreg., Wash.; type locality, Santa Cruz, Calif. 



California hazel {Corylus cornuta var. calif ornica). 

 1. Pollen- and seed-producing flowers both in catkins; catkins cone-, 

 spike-, or tassellike. 



alders, birches, aspen, cottonwood, and willows. 



3. Pollen- and seed-producing catkins on same plant; pollen-pro- 

 ducing catkins stalked or stalkless, erect, clustered at twig tips, 

 formed in late summer, elongating, drooping and shedding pollen 

 in early spring before or with unfolding of leaves; "seeds" (nut- 

 lets) winged or margined. [Alternate 3, p. 26.] 



alders and birches. 

 4. Twigs slightly angled, smooth; leaves in 1/3 clockwise arrange- 

 ment on twigs (each leaf at 120° angle around the twig from 

 leaf next below or above); pith triangular; seed-producing 

 catkins conelike, persistent, with woody, mostly 5-lobed scales, 

 in stalked clusters; roots often with (presumably nitrogen- 

 fixing) nodules alders (Alnus spp.) . 



