210 HANDBOOK 148, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



studies in Idaho a proper-use factor of 60-65 percent should be applied 

 to L. utahensis where it is grazed by sheep. 



Mahonia spp. 



M. repens, a low-growing species, is acceptable to deer and elk 

 during the snow-free periods of the winter. Use of the other species 

 of Mahonia by deer and elk is also low to fairly good, depending upon 

 the availability of better feed. M. aguifolium, the State Flower of 

 Oregon, is important in ornamental horticulture. 



Menziesia ferruginea 



Is of fair palatability for sheep and low for cattle; is also eaten b} r 

 elk. The closely related M. glabella is poisonous to sheep when eaten 

 in quantity. 



Pachistima myrsinites 



A palatable winter browse for deer and elk and may receive light 

 summer use by sheep. It is reported to have caused sickness in sheep 

 when heavily browsed in west-central Washington. Needs further 

 study. 



Penstemon deustus 



Of slight value to livestock or big game. Limited use of the 

 herbaceous parts has been observed. 



Peraphyllum ramosissimum 



A fair browse for sheep and cattle in spring and fall and for deer in 

 the winter. 



Philadelphus lewisii 



In some localities it is of fair palatability to cattle and sheep, but 

 relished by deer and elk. 



Phyllodoce spp. 



P. empetriformis is of no value for livestock forage and probably of 

 little or no value for big game. Furthermore, it is suspected of being 

 poisonous. It would appear that P. glanduliflora is also practically 

 worthless as forage. 



Physocarpus malvaceus 



A poor forage for cattle and fail- for sheep. It is very palatable to 

 elk in the winter. 



Populus spp. 



Fair browse for cattle, sheep, and deer. It is a preferred species 

 for elk. 



Potentilla fruticosa 



Is of rather low palatability and practically of no value for cattle. 

 Used some by sheep and on some winter ranges by deer and elk. 



Prunus spp. 



Species of this genus are poor to fair forage for livestock; under cer- 

 tain conditions P. virginiana can be fatal to livestock if large quantities 

 sue eaten. Palatability of these species rates from fair to good for deer 

 and elk. Protein content of P. emarginata is known to be relatively 

 high and it is a preferred species for deer and of moderate palatability 

 for elk. 



