114 HANDBOOK 14 8, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



9. Spines lacking; prickles and/or bristles present. 



17. Fruits berrylike, red, showy, persistent; shrubs with erect 

 or arching, perennial woody stems; prickles often paired 

 beneath the very narrow leaf scars; buds small, often 

 slightly above the leaf scar; end buds present; stipule 



scars lacking; bundle traces 3 roses (Rosa spp.). 



18. Calyx lobes persistent on fruits; twigs hairless or nearly 



so, brown or red; not shade tolerant, growing in open, 



moist sites, e. Oreg., e. Wash. 



19. Fruits large (to more than l / 2 inch across), usually 



single (sometimes 2 or 3 together) ; stems or branches 



usually not arching; twigs brown, without a whitish 



"bloom," sometimes bristly in addition to the paired, 



straight prickles under the leaf scars; bushy shrubs, 



usually about 3 feet high. 



Spalding rose (Rosa spaldingii). 25 

 19. Fruits smaller (less than y 4 inch across), usually 

 clustered; fruiting branches often arching a little; 

 twigs reddish, with a slight whitish "bloom"; vigorous, 

 sterile shoots often overtopping the fruiting steins; 

 tall, often clumpy shrubs, to 9 or 10 feet high. 



interior rose (Rosa ultramontana) . 

 18. Calyx lobes not persistent on the small, somewhat 

 egg-shaped, single fruits; twigs green, often with inter- 

 mixed bristles and straight, slender prickles; tack- 

 shaped glands on fruit stalks, also on the often per- 

 sistent leafstalks; small, straggly shrubs of shady woods. 



baldhip rose (Rosa gy mnocarpa) . 

 17. Fruits not berrylike (aggregate drupes), their whitish cores 

 sometimes persistent; prickles and/or bristles scattered 

 on stems; buds egg-shaped, with several overlapping bud 

 scales, in axils of persistent leafstalk stumps; bundle 

 traces 3; older bark flaking or peeling. 



salmonberry, raspberries (Rubus spp.). 

 20. Twigs and branches zigzag; stems erect, woody, per- 

 ennial; prickles straight, few, short and weak, or lacking; 

 shrubs spreading by underground stems;. moist woods 

 along streams, common w., occasional e. slopes of 

 Cascades, Oreg., Wash. 



salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis). 

 20. Twigs and branches not zigzag; stems (canes) erect or 

 spreading, soft-woody, large-pithy, living only 2 years 

 (leafing first year, flowering, fruiting and dying second 

 year), suckering or with runners at base but not arching 

 and rooting at tips (as does white-bark raspberry), often 

 with whitish waxy "bloom"; tack-shaped glands on 

 younger parts and on the often persistent leafstalks; 

 stiff bristles usually present, sometimes gland-tipped 

 when young; straight prickles sometimes present; moist 

 to rather dry sites, open woods, e. Oreg., e. Wash. 



American red raspberry (Rubus strigosus). 26 



25 Spalding rose of eastern Oregon and Washington has often been confused 

 with Nootka rose (Rosa nutkana) of western Oregon and Washington. Nootka 

 rose has prickles usually Large, stout, and more or less flattened near their bases. 



26 This is not the red raspberry of cultivation. 



