212 HANDBOOK 14 8, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



use, they are given protection for a few years, new shoots from the 

 plant base will replace the destroyed parts. 



Salvia carnosa 



Palatability is low. 



Sambucus spp. 



These shrubs have a good to high palatability in the fall. Their 

 importance is sometimes downgraded because they are not as abundant 

 as some of the other palatable shrubs. Cattle, sheep, deer, and elk 

 all eat shrubs of this genus. 



Shepherdia canadensis 



Palatability is low for domestic stock but the plant is taken quite 

 well by deer and elk in eastern Oregon. 



Solanum dulcamara 



Probably eaten by deer and elk. 



Sorbus spp. 



Palatability of $. occidentalis and <S. scopulina is fair to good for 

 sheep. They are also eaten by deer and elk. Mildly toxic. Has been 

 known to poison rabbits. 



Spiraea spp. 



Palatability of the group is generally low for domestic stock and 

 big game. S. menziesii is above the group average in palatability, 

 rating fair to good, and S. lucida is rated as a fair browse for livestock 

 in eastern Oregon. 



Symphoricarpos spp. 



Species of Symphoricarpos are of low palatability for cattle and elk, 

 but of fair palatability for sheep and deer. 



Tetradymia spp. 



These are poor to worthless forage species. Some species may be 

 poisonous to sheep if a large amount is eaten. 



Toxicodendron spp. 



Although most people are susceptible to being poisoned (rhus 

 dermatitis caused by the oil urushiol), livestock and game can eat the 

 leaves without harmful effects. However, in the Northwest they are 

 considered worthless for cattle and of low value for sheep. 



Vaccinium spp. 



In general these plants are of low value for cattle, and but little 

 better for sheep. Deer, and especially elk, consume stems and twigs 

 in fall and winter. V. membranaceum, probably the most palatable 

 of the group, is fair forage for sheep and good browse for deer and elk. 



Viburnum edule 



Value for livestock is low. A little use by elk has been observed. 



Selected References 



The preceding information on various woody species of eastern 

 Oregon and eastern Washington is based largely on published observa- 

 tions and studies of several authorities and U. S. Forest Service range 



