138 HANDBOOK 14S, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



17. Twigs not as above, reddish to purplish brown and finely 

 gray- or yellowish-hairy when young, becoming dark gray 

 and nearly hairless; spurlike twigs numerous, densely leaf- 

 scarred, to 1 inch or more long, sometimes branched, often 

 with drooping-stalked, 4- to 6-seeded "berries" (pomes) 

 hanging near tips until late fall; end buds and side buds 

 similar, about % inch long, abruptly pointed at tips; leaf 

 scars narrow, slightly raised; bundle traces 3, tiny; stipule 

 scars lacking; rigidly much-branched shrubs with smooth 

 gray bark, to 6 feet high; often growing with western juniper 

 or ponderosa pine, e. Oreg., not reported from Wash.; 

 type locality, "... dry hillsides near the Blue Mountains 

 of the Oregon." 



squawapple (Peraphyllum ramosissimum) . 

 16. Buds not as above. 



19. Leafstalk stumps and their attached stipules persistent, 

 partly surrounding the oblong or egg-shaped buds, dis- 

 tinctive; true end buds lacking; leaf scars raised, cushioned 

 on leafstalk stumps between the stipules; bark brown, 

 shreddy or peeling in thin layers; low to tall shrubs. 

 20. Twigs soft-woody, canelike, dying back from tips, some- 

 times slightly zigzag, nearly hairless to densely and 

 stiffly glandular-hairy; stipules lance-shaped, brittle, 

 more or less twisted and bent back; leaf scars shriveled, 

 often torn, with 3 indistinct bundle traces, hard to see; 

 tiny secondary (collateral) buds sometimes produced 

 near base and at side of other buds; stem joints (nodes) 

 appearing knotted and ragged with buds, persistent 

 leafstalks, stipule remnants, and bud scales; outer bud 

 scales 2 or 3, brownish or purplish, broad, rounded at 

 tips, with indistinct midribs; inner bud scales several, 

 densely pale-silky-hairy; dried, branched thimbleberry 

 stalks tipped by 5 persistent calyx lobes surrounding 

 the hairy disk from which fruit has fallen, remaining 

 through late fall or early winter; several-stemmed shrubs 

 to 6 feet or more high, from erect, woody, elongated 

 root crowns; moist, shady woods, mountain areas, 

 e. Oreg., e. Wash. 



western thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus). 32 



20. Twigs not soft-woody or canelike as above; leaf scars 



raised, cushioned on leafstalk stubs between the stipules; 



bundle trace 1. 



21. Short, spurlike twigs numerous (especially on old, 



stagnated growth), scarred with persistent leafstalk 



stumps which, with their attached stipules, overlap 



like bud scales and appear partly telescoped into each 



other; vigorous new twigs often appearing jointed 



because of encircling stipule scars (when leafstolk 



stump pulled off, 1 bundle trace is from it and the 2 



outer ones for the stipules); tiny, wedge-shaped, 



winter-persistent leaves with 3-lobed tips sometimes 



ee Plants Armed Key for winter characters of salmonberry (Riibus 

 spectabilis) . 



