144 HANDBOOK 14 8, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



29. Seed pods split into 5 parts, more deeply cupped 

 in 5 conspicuous calyx lobes, often with flat-tipped 

 style persistent and extending out from central 

 core; flower buds several, along first-year twigs 

 below leafy-shoot buds which are at or near twig 

 tips; buds and new twigs with rather coarse, ap- 

 pressed, dark- or coppery-red hairs; bark smooth, 

 gray brown; moist, crushed twigs often somewhat 

 fragrant. 



Cascades azalea, or false-azalea (Rhododendron 



albiflorum). 

 22. Leaf scars with 3 bundle traces. 



30. Buds without bud scales (tiny, brownish, hairy, un- 

 developed leaves and flowers exposed) ; true end buds 

 lacking, topmost side bud larger than other side buds 

 on same twig; leaf scars oval, slightly raised; stipule 

 scars present; new twigs green, hairy; older twigs 

 red brown, hairless or nearly so; "berries" (drupes) 

 black, often emetic-cathartic, stalked, in stalked, 

 umbrellalike clusters in leaf-scar axils; "seeds" 

 (nutlets) 2 or 3, smooth on outer side; bark (cascara 

 sagrada of drug trade) smooth, gray, often stripped 

 for medical use; tall shrubs or small trees, stump- 

 sprouting after cutting; moist sites, mostly w. of 

 Cascades, also in e. Oreg., e. Wash, at lower altitudes 

 (3,000 feet) ; type locality along Clearwater River near 

 Kamiah, Nez Perce Co., Idaho. 



cascara buckthorn (Rhamnus purshiana). 

 30. Buds with bud scales. 



31. Twigs zigzag, 2-ranked, that is, each bud half way 

 (180 degrees) around twig from bud next above or 

 below, often distorted by witches' brooms (fungus 

 disease) ; pith closely chambered, at least near 

 "joints" (nodes) ; true end buds lacking; buds small, 

 almost globe-shaped; bud scales 4, overlapping, 

 2-ranked; "berries" (drupes) slender-stalked, borne 

 singly in leaf-scar axils on new twigs, dull orange 

 to dark cinnamon- or reddish-brown or purplish, 

 with single bony "seed" (nutlet) ; small trees or 

 shrubs with smooth or warty bark; rocky canyon 

 slopes, or valleys along streams, e. Oreg., e. Wash. 

 netleaf hackberry (Celtis reticulata). 35 

 31. Twigs not zigzag or 2-ranked as above; pith not 

 chambered; bud scales several to many spirally 

 overlapping, 2 lowest above leaf-scar ends, fruits 

 berrylike (drupes or pomes), or true berries. 

 32. Buds usually clustered at twig tips, sharp- 

 tipped; many side buds nearly as large as end 

 buds; stipule scars present; fruit-cluster stalks 



35 Netleaf hackberry is a very variable species, with many intergrading forms. 

 Svns. Celtis douglasii', C. laevigata var. reticulata; C. occidentalis var. reticulata. 

 The type locality of netleaf hackberry is "Base of the Rocky Mountains," Colorado 

 or New Mexico; the type locality of Douglas hackberry (Celtis douglasii) is along 

 the Columbia River. 



