KEY TO IMPORTANT WOODY PLANTS 155 



40. Gland-tipped hairs lacking from twigs; 

 the reddish or yellowish, sticky-shiny 

 resin on buds and twigs often drying 

 sugary-waxy; young bark splitting, 

 shredding; end buds like side buds, 

 about Yi inch long, oval, mostly blunt 

 at tips; buds in 3/ 8 arrangement 36 on 

 the twig (buds of all other native 

 Oreg. and Wash, currants are in 2/ 5 

 arrangement); much-branched shrubs, 

 to 6 feet high; common, dry woods, 

 rocky hillsides, e. Oreg., e. Wash. ; type 

 locality, upper Columbia River in 

 Wash __ wax currant (Ribes cereum). 

 35. Twigs not ridged or lined downward from leaf- 

 scar ends; pith continuous (not spongy or 

 porous) ; bark of new twigs not splitting, 

 shredding or peeling; fruits berrylike (drupes or 

 pomes). [Alternate 35, p. 148.] 

 41. Buds egg-shaped, to Vi inch long, true end 

 buds lackihg; bud scales 5, lowest 2 longer, 

 sheathing base of upper 3; stipule scars 

 present; the usually 3 bundle traces some- 

 times fused into 1 ; "berries" (drupes) black, 

 juicy but bitter, stalked, mostly single, in 

 leaf-scar axils on new twigs, their disk- 

 tipped stalks often persistent; "seeds" (nut- 

 lets) 3, ridged near tips; twigs reddish brown, 

 becoming gray; spreading shrubs to 6 (or 

 10) feet high; w r et sites, mountain meadow r s 

 to 7,000 feet or more elevation, e. Oreg., e. 

 Wash. 



alder buckthorn (Rhamnus alnifolia). 

 41. Buds conical, often asymmetrical, varying 

 in color, hairiness, size, often conspicuous; 

 true end buds present on some twigs (on 

 fruiting twigs, the topmost side bud at base 

 of persistent stub of the fruit-cluster stalk 

 functions as an end bud) ; visible bud scales 

 usually 6, often twisted, finely white-hairy- 

 fringed (ciliate) on margins (sometimes red- 

 glandular-tipped or -edged) ; inner bud scales 

 usually finely long-white-hairy; bark of new 

 twigs red, reddish brown, or purplish, dotted 



36 In the 3 /s bud arrangement, the 8th bud above or below any given bud on 

 the same twig (and of a single season's growth) is the first bud directly above or 

 below it and exactly 360 degrees around the twig from it; each bud on the twig is 

 135 degrees (Y$ of 360 degrees) around the twig from the bud next above or below it . 

 This is best seen on a fast-grown twig. 



In the 75 bud. arrangement, the 5th bud above or below any given bud on the 

 same twig (and of a single season's growth) is the first bud directly above or below 

 it and exactly 360 degrees around the twig from it; each bud on the twig is 144 

 degrees (% of 360 degrees) around the twig from the bud next above or below it. 

 See diagrams on p. 3. 



