LITERATURE 205 



include this species, believing that the similarities between P. ver- 

 rucosa, P. Pedrosoi, and P. compactum, their production of conidia 

 by identical methods, and their common relationship to a single 

 mycosis justified placing them together in one genus. If their ob- 

 viously close relationship is so indicated the valid generic name is 

 Phialophora. 



Material studied from two widely separated geographical sources, 

 Java f and Canada,^ indicates that a fungus w^iich resembles Pul- 

 lularia pulliilans is sometimes etiologically related to chromoblasto- 

 mycosis. We believe these fungi to be aberrant strains of P. Pedrosoi 

 (see discussion of black yeasts, page 111). 



Geographical Distribution. Chromoblastomycosis is best known 

 from Brazil, United States (particularly Puerto Rico), and Cuba, 

 but it has also been reported from other areas in South and Central 

 America, the Caribbean, Java, Russia, Africa, and Japan. 



Habitat in Nature. Conant ^ showed that Phialophora verrucosa 

 occurs in decaying wood where it had been described under the name 

 Cadophora americana. The close resemblance between P. Pedrosoi 

 and saprophytic species of Cladosporium and the story of trauma 

 in many cases of chromoblastomycosis leaves little doubt that P. 

 Pedrosoi is also normally a saprophyte of soil and decaying vegeta- 

 tion. 



LITERATURE 



1. BiNFORD, C. H., G. Hess, and C. W. Emmons, Chromoblastomycosis, Arch. 



Dermatol. Syphilol. (Chicago), 49, 398 (1944). 



2. Brumpt, E., Precis de parasitologle. Masson et Cie., Paris, 3rd ed., p. 1105, 



1922. 



3. Carri6n, a. L., Chromoblastomycosis. Preliminary report of a new clinical 



type of the disease caused by H ormodendrum compactum, nov. sp., Puerto 

 Rico J. Pub. Health Trop. Med., 10, 543 (1935). 



4. , Chromoblastomycosis, Mycologia, 34, 424 (1942). 



5. Carri6n, a. L., and C. W. Emmons, A spore form common to three etiologic 



agents of chromoblastomycosis, Puerto Rico J. Pub. Health Trop. Med., 

 11, 114 (1935). 



6. CoNANT, N. F., The occurrence of a human pathogenic fungus as a sapro- 



phyte in nature, Mycologia, 29, 597 (1937). 



7. CoNANT, N. F., and D. S. Martin, The morphologic and serologic relation- 



ships of the various fungi causing dermatitis verrucosa (chromoblasto- 

 mycosis). Am. J. Trop. Med., 17, 553 (1937). 



8. Emmons, C. W., and A. L. Carrion, The Phialophora type of sporulation 



in H ormodendrum Pedrosoi and H ormodendrum compactum, Puerto Rico 

 J. Pub. Health Trop. Med., 11, 703 (1936). 



t Courtesy of Dr. C. Bonne. 

 t Courtesy of Dr. L. Berger. 



