326 



BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF YEASTS 



TABLE 4 



Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Scheme for the Dissimilation of Sugar 



Polysaccharide (starch or glycogen) 



\ ± HO ■ PO3 H2 < phosphoric acid ) 



Glucose (CeHizOe) Glucose - 1 ■ phosphate (C6Hn06-P03H2) + ADP 



±ATP 



Glucose - 6 ■ phosphate (CgHuOe -POjHa) + ADP 



Fructose -6- phosphate (C6H11O6PO3H2) 

 j[±ATP 

 Fructose - 1,6 - diphosphate (CeHioOe 2PO3H2) + ADP 



3-Phosphoglyceraldehyde (C3H5O3 •PO3H2) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (C3H5O3 •PO3H2) 



jl+HOPOaHz ^1 +H2-DPN 



1,3-Diphosphoglyceraldehyde (C3H604-2P03H2) a -Glycerophosphate (C3H703P03H2) + DPN 



1i±^™ 1i±H20 



1,3- Diphosphoglyceric acid (C3H404-2P03H2)+H2DPN GlyceroKCaHgOg) + HO-POjHj 



' ±ADP 



Y 



3-Phosphoglyceric acid (C3H5O4 •PO3H2) + ATP 

 ^ 

 \ 

 2-Phosphoglyceric acid (C3H504-P03H2) 



Phosphopyruvic acid (Enol) (C3H303-P03H2)+H20 

 ±ADP 



Pyruvic acid (C3H4O3) + ATP 

 |±H2-DPN 



r 



Lactic acid (CgHgOj) + DPN 



1 



Carbon dioxide (CO2) Acetaldehyde (C2H4O) 



j|,±H2-DPN 

 Ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) + DPN 



conditions Mn++ or Co++ will also serve) and hexokinase where 

 ATP is the phosphate donor (and, demonstrated in muscle tissue, 

 under the mediation of Mg++, hexokinase, and myokinase where 

 ADP is the donor). The primary phosphorylation product formed 

 is glucose-6-phosphate, the Robison ester. This compound exists in 

 an equilibrium with fructose-6-phosphate, the N-euberg ester. The 

 latter compound is then believed to be phosphorylated by one of the 

 adenosine polyphosphates to fructose-l,6-diphosphate, the Harden 

 and Young ester. 



