ILLUSTRATIONS Xlll 



FIGURE PAGE 



50. A Skate {Raja montereyensis) from Monterey Bay, California. From 

 Gilbert, U. S. N. M 70 



51. A Liparid {Carcproctus rastriuiis) from the Okhotsk Sea in 438 feet of 

 water. From Gilbert and Burke, U. S. N. M 70 



52. The Japanese Goblin-shark {Mitsukuriita owstoni). From Bean, 



U. S. N. M 71 



53. A Pygmy Shark (Deania eglantina) which reaches a length of only 12 

 inches. From Jordan and Fowler, U. S. N. M 71 



54. Another Pigmy Shark {Etmopterus liicifer) of the same size. From 

 Jordan and Fowler, U. S. N. M 71 



55. A small shark or Dog-fish {Mustehis nigromaculakis) from Peru. From 

 Evermann and Radcliffe, U. S. N. M 72 



56. Another Dog-fish {Musleliis dorsalis) from Peru. From Evermann and 

 Radcliffe, U. S. N. M 72 



57. An Angel-fish {Rhinobalus planiceps) from Peru. From Evermann and 

 Radcliffe, U. S. N. M 72 



58. A curious shark {Gyropleurodes periiamis) from Peru. From Evermann 



and Radcliffe, U. S. N. M 72 



59. Section of a manganese nodule brought up from a depth of 15,600 feet, 

 showing in the center a tympanic (ear) bone of a toothed whale {Meso- 

 plodon). From the " Challenger" Reports 74 



60. Tooth of a long extinct giant shark {Carcharodon megalodon) dredged up 

 from 14,310 feet. From the " Challenger" Reports 74 



61. A free-swimming Tunicate (Doliolum). From A. Agassiz 76 



62. Another of the same. From A. Agassiz 76 



63. Still another. From A. Agassiz 76 



64. A Salp (Sal pa cahoti), solitary form. From A. Agassiz 76 



65. An Appendicularian. From A. Agassiz 76 



66. A Pyrosome, consisting of a hollow cylinder of closely packed tunicates. 

 From A. Agassiz 76 



67. A curious Crustacean {Phronema) which lives within free-swimming 

 tunicates. From A. Agassiz 76 



68. The same within a tunicate. From A. Agassiz 76 



69. A Cephalodiscid {Cephalodiscus dodecalophus). From the "Challenger" 

 Reports 76 



70. A Rhabdopleurid {Rhahdopleura normani). From Lankester 76 



71. An African Swallow-tailed Butterfly (Papilio merope), male 78 



72. The same, female 78 



73. An Indian Swallow-tail (Papilio agetes) 80 



74. Another Indian Swallow-tail {Papilio pompilius) 80 



75. A Javanese Swallow-tail {Papilio coon) 80 



76. A curious Indian Swallow-tail {Papilio cvau) 80 



77. A characteristic alpine butterfly {Parnassiiis apollo); from a specimen 

 from Chamounix caught by the author 80 



78. The Alder Butterfly {Feniseca tarquiniits), the caterpillar of which feeds 

 on aphids; from a specimen from Newtonville, Mass., reared by the 

 author 84 



