i88 



ANIMALS OF LAND AND SEA 



still, and there is abundant food provided by the shore detri- 

 tus and the sea above. 



Within this zone there are many animals of large size, crabs 

 eleven feet or more from claw to claw, huge urchins and star- 

 fish, great plant-like things looking hke small apple trees 



Figs. 546-551. Brittle-stars, and Sea-cucumbers. 

 For explanations of the figures see pp. xxviii, xxix. 



(Primnoa, etc.), masses of large crinoids, stalked and unstalked, 

 and other creatures, and probably in certain places, swimming 

 about, the giant squids and cuttles. 



Below this zone the stillness of the water and the increasing 

 pressure favor the deposit of the finest silt and the bottoms 

 are chiefly of fine mud passing into the so-called oozes made 

 up of the shells of the millions and millions of small creatures 

 constantly dying in the layers above. The greater part of 



