284 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. 



The experimental sections were four in number and comprised the following 

 features: 



Section I: Macadam: length, 325 feet; (juartz foundation with cinder tiller, 

 gneiss surface, and screenings. 



Section II: Telford: length, 44 feet: gneiss foundation (7 inches): gneiss sur- 

 face (3 inches) : gneiss fillers throughout. 



Section III: Macadam; length, 713 feet: quartz and gneiss foundation, mixed; 

 gneiss surface, with cinder fillers for both courses. 



Section IV: Macadam: length, 320 feet: gneiss foundation, no filler; quartz sur- 

 face, topped with a mixture of sand, gravel, and loam. This section was 12 feet 

 in width, and instead of the usual earth, shoulder stone wings of quartz were 

 made on each side 4 feet wide and 2 inches in depth, giving a top surface of 20 

 feet in width. 



During the progress of this work a clay and sand road was built at the end of 

 the last section, which, being well mixed as it was put in and thoroughly rolled, 

 gave promise of being a model in its line. This outside section was constructed 

 by Farm Manager Lewis, who was the first to put into practice what he had learned 

 of road work through the demonstrations then being made, A section was also 

 laid near the farm buildings, of gneiss foundation, with a surface similar to that 

 used to top off Section IV of the experiments: this had severe tests, but stood up 

 well. 



On all the road work done at Clemson College care was taken to have good side 

 ditches and culverts, and, excej^t in one place, storm water was not permitted to 

 cross the road on its surface. For the work, in addition to the plant before men- 

 tioned, we had the distributing cart used in the Virginia and Tennessev3 work, and 

 a steel road machine, the property of the college farm. With this machine or 

 scraper nearly all the shouldering was done, and in some cases it was used to even 

 up the stone surface. 



One of the State convict camps was located at Clemson College, and the labor 

 was done by the convicts, very little free labor being employed. There were fre- 

 quent delays from storms and the hauling of freight from the station, but on the 

 whole the construction moved more smoothly than is usual in such work. 



Road supervisors and superintendents, as well as numbers of interested citizens 

 of the section, were frequent visitors to the new road, all of whom seemed to gain 

 practical information that would aid them in such work in their own neighborhoods. 



Careful memoranda were kept of all expenses connected with the road by 

 Manager Lewis, so that the exact cost of the experimental work can be given. 



Total length of work ..feet.. 1.302 



Amount of stone placed on road cubic yards. . 430| 



Cost : 



Quarrying stone - . §112. 70 



Hauling stone to crusher from quarry and fields, including 42^ cubic 



yards purchased . . 143. 54 



Crushing stone, hire of engine and labor . . 60. 00 



Placing rock on road, grading, shouldering culverts, etc 130. 26 



Stone previously crushed and banked on side of road at Sections I, II, 



and III 210.00 



Rolling road _ 20.00 



Total 676.50 



The above cost, for the length given, would give the cost of a mile of road as 

 $2,700. Taking the fact of the delays that occurred (unavoidable ones, large'y) 

 and the want of a sprinkler in the work, the cost is not excessive. Could the 

 work have been prosecuted under more favorable conditions, it is likely that the 

 cost would have been considerably less. Before it was decided to have object- 

 lesson roads constructed, estimates were asked for the college road, the figures 

 given ranging between $2,300 and $2,600 per mile. 



Class work. — Supplementing the actual road work, a class in theo- 

 retical and practical road building was organized, of which Mr. Plar- 

 rison was placed in charge. Besides several practical talks by him, 

 addresses on the subject were delivered by Dr. Henry S. Hartzog, 

 president of Clemson College, Prof. C. M. Conner, of the experiment 

 station, and M. O. Eldridge, acting director of the Office of Public 



