PENICILLIUM ITALICUM. 29 



penicillium for which he could find references, the myth of " i he 

 common green mold" seems to have had pretty general acceptance, 

 although we find here and there n protest against this view. 



A cult are of this species can always be obtained from apples decay- 

 ing in storage, upon which usually well-developed coremia can be 

 found if proper search is made. The \\ ide distribution of t he organism 

 as noted above and as seen in the literature justifies belief in its 

 genera] distribution. Once carefully observed in cultures, the in- 

 vestigator will usually recognize the organism on sight when it ap- 

 pears in his cultures even as a contamination of other species. The 

 odor of this species i- so distinctive as to assist greatly in identifying 



it in accidental cultures. It does not produce the yellow color in 



the substratum as described by Lindau "' for P. glaucum, nor are its 

 spores globose from the first as Wehmer :!0 records them for that 

 species. It seems so very well characterized as to justify sharply 

 separating it from the other green forms. 



I ULTUBAL DATA. 



' olor, green or gray-green; color of reverse, yellowish to somewhal brown; color 

 in media, colorless or yellowish brown (milk). 



< >dor, "fruity" in all or nearly all cultures. 



Fifteen per cenl gelatin in water, good growth, with loose and ill-defined bu1 abun- 

 dant coremia; liquefaction slow, more or less liquid in 2 weeks; litmus reaction alka- 

 line or neutral. Potato agar and bean agar, characteristic colonies, gray-green with 

 more or less coremiform bundles of conidiophores. Potato plugs, characteristic 



colony. 



Kaolin's fluid agar, characteristic colony with concentric rings of broad coremia. 

 Kaolin's fluid, characteristic colony. Cohn's solution, slight growth, few coremia, 

 brownish below. 



Synthetic fluid il>ox'si, carbon supplied as: Cane sugar, good coloring up to 50 

 per cent sugar, acid reaction, conidiophores in dense areas with few definite coremia. 

 Lactose '■'• per cent, slow development, about half normal. Levulose 'A per cent, 



typical, alkaline, or neutral reaction. Galactose '■'< per cent, typical, acid reaction. 



Glycerin '■'> per cent, slow development, increased greatly by adding sugar. Potato 

 starch '■'> per cent, fair growth, no coremia. Butterfat, rich typical growth. 



Milk, typical colonies, coremia in a ring at glass; curdling (0.25 per cent calcium 

 chlorid added) in 1 week; digestion rather slow; color in milk yellowish brown. 



At 37° C, do growth, culture grew when cooled ; at 20° < '.. good growth. 



The coremiaof this species are especially characteristic <<i old cultures in which 

 drying has begun. In fluid cultures they are commonly attached to (he jjlass above 

 or at the very top of the fluid. 



PENICILLIUM ITALICUM Wehmer. 



Beitr. z. Kennt, einh. Pilze, Jena, 1895, p. 68, til. 



Colonies on plain gelatin and potato or I nan agar bluish green, becoming graj -green 

 w heii old i bright bluish green on cane-sugar media and citrus fruit- 1, broadly spreading, 

 aerial port ion composed at t lie broad margin almost entirely of conidiophores, hut be- 

 coming slightly floccosein the center Reverse of colonies dark brownish, often almost 



Mack in i lia containing .-iiLrur. ( lonidiophores from short i LOO/i to ^ erj lon^ ((iOO/t), 



averaging perhaps 'Jot)", arising either directly from substratum or as branches of 

 aerial hyphse. I kmidial fructifications up to 300ft or more in lengt h, consisting usually 



