PENICILLIUM Krr.lMM AND I'. LUTEUM. 39 



Synthetic fluid (Dox's), carbon supplied as: Cane sugar, growth fair, hyphse yellow 

 with granules, acid reaction, conidia green, reverse, red. Lactose, growth bIow, nol 

 characteristic. Levulose 3 percent, fair growth, yellow mycelium, acid to Litmus. 

 Galactose 3 percent, fair growth, acid reaction. Glycerin, very slighl growth which 



became typical when sugar was added. Potato starch, g 1 characteristic growth. 



Butterfat, slow weak growth, with characteristic colors and red fluid. 



.Milk, growth small; curdling (0.25 per cent calcium chlorid added), very slow; 

 digestion, none or very Blight; color in milk, red at top. 

 At :;7° ('., grew well, more rapidly than at 20° C. 



PENICILLIUM RUBRUM O. Stoll. 



Beitr. z. morp. u. biol. char. Penicillium, Wurzburg, 1904, p. 35, t. I, tiu r . 7: t. III. 

 fig. 3; t. IV. fig. i. 



Colonies upon lactose gelatin and potato or Ik -an agar, from green through ochraceous 

 to ochraceous red with varying conditions; consisting of green conidia with yellow 

 mycelium when cane sugar is added. Aerial portion velvety strict or very closely 

 floccose in media without sugar, becoming dense cushions of mycelium bearing suc- 

 cessive crops of green conidia in cane-sugar media; marginal growth continuous but 

 slow and not marked by a white border. Reverse and mycelium yellowish to red, 

 yellow in BUgar media; the .substratum also colored in old agar colonies. Conidio- 

 phores arising from substratum directly or as very short lateral branches of the felted 

 hyphse, mostly 15-30 by 3-3. 5/*, swollen at the apex, making a dense layer on the 

 surface. Conidial fructification usually massed into a heavy column with a broad 

 triangular base, 100-200,u in length, from a dense \erticil of branches of the conidio- 

 phore. each swollen at the apex. Conidiiferous cells 10-13 by 2-3//, with rat her abrupt 

 points from which the conidia are cut off. Conidia at first cylindrical, then elliptical 

 or even globose, 3.4 by 2/x, or 2.5-3.3/*, yellowish green to dark green when mature. 

 Colonies produce slow and only partial liquefaction of sugar gelatin. 



A slow-growing fungus fruiting for several weeks and differing greatly in colors with 

 slight and undefined differences in the conditions. Sometimes producing a blood- 

 red color on the reverse of the colony. 



Cultures received from Krai. So far not found native in America. 



PENICILLIUM LUTEUM Zukal. 



Sitzber. K. Akad. Wiss. (Vienna) Math. Naturw. Kb, XCVIII, p. 521, 1889. 



Conidial form; Colonies on sugar gelatin and potato or bean agar, white or gray 

 or transiently yellow on media lacking sugars, with sometimes greenish areas of coni- 

 dial fructification showing shades of yellow (egg yellow) upon sugar media, later 

 passing over to reddish, especially with the formation of aerial wefts or balls of hyphse 

 producing asci (several weeks-; Burface rather dose floccose, spreading indefinitely 

 upon the substratum. Reverse of colon) more or less reddish, especially on sugar 

 media Conidiophores a thin and incomplete layer, scantily produced mostlj 

 lateral branches of aerial hyphse, 20-100/t (mostly 30 60) by 3/x. Conidial fructifica- 

 tion usually small up to SO/t in length, commonly \s it h a single lateral branch and but 

 two verticils of long acuminate basidia 13 10 by 3 I". Conidia elliptical to fusiform, 

 2.4 by 2.3/1, rather firm walled, greenish, swelling greatly and producing I or 2 tubes 

 in germinating. 



This species characteristically produces yellow mycelium, from which, in a time 

 varying from a few days upon media rich in BUgar to several months upon plain potato 



agar, ascigerous wefts of hyphse arise. As given by Wehmer, 1 ascigerous concep- 



tacles" are 0.5-2 mm. in diameter, globose, vitelline then red; asci reddish, globose 

 to fusiform 8.8 by 7-7.8/ij sporidia 1.8 by 3.3/(, transversely tricostate, hyaline to 



