44 CULTURAL STUDIES OF SPECIES OF PENICILLIUM. 



ous cells crowded into a false hymenium and producing chains of conidia adhering in 

 olive-green masses 1-3 mm. in height. Conidia elliptical, showing a connective, 

 4.2-4.6 by 3-3.3 /i, homogeneous green, remaining in chains in fluid mounts. Colonies 

 only partially liquefy gelatin media and give a weak alkaline or neutral reaction with 

 litmus. 



Received from G. Bainier October, 1905. 



A culture received from Reddick, Ithaca, N. Y., marked Whetzel 

 No. 2095, proved to be this species. It was found at Junius, N. Y. 

 A culture sent to Dr. C. H. Peck was not recognized. Although not 

 closely resembling other species of Penicillium it may best continue 

 under the name given by Bainier until closer affinities are found for it. 



CULTURAL DATA. 



Color, mycelium white or gray, conidial heads olive green; reverse of colony brown; 

 color in media brownish. 



Odor, perceptible in media containing cane sugar, characteristic. 



Fifteen per cent gelatin, growth, characteristic coremia, but mainly unbranched; 

 liquefaction slow, partial; litmus neutral. Potato agar and bean agar, typical 

 coremiform colonies. Potato plugs, vigorous typical growth with long coremia. 

 Raulin's fluid, characteristic. Cohn's solution, characteristic. 



Synthetic fluid (Dox's), carbon supplied as: Cane sugar, typical growth with acid 

 reaction in concentrations from 1.5 to 30 per cent, coremia branching, no coremia at 

 50 per cent. Lactose 3 per cent, slight growth, poorly nourished colonies, very 

 delicate coremia. Lactic acid 0.9 per cent, germination only. Levulose 3 per cent, 

 slow-growing, poorly nourished colony. Galactose 3 per cent, typical growth, acid 

 reaction. Glycerin 3 per cent, not typical, no coremia, coremia produced after 

 addition of cane sugar. Malic acid 1 per cent, slight growth, few and very small 

 coremia. Butterfat, typical colonies. 



Milk, good characteristic growth; curdling (0.25 per cent calcium chlorid added) 

 in 9 days; digestion slow but fairly complete; color in milk brown or reddish. 



At 37° C, no growth in 6 days; culture grew when cooled to 20° C. 



PENICILLIUM GRANULATUM Bainier. 



Bui. Soc. Mycol. France, XXI, 1905, p. 127, PI. XI, figs. 6, 7. 



Colonies upon plain gelatin and potato or bean agar yellowish green to gray or 

 grayish brown, superficially composed of crowded small coremia 1-3 mm. in height, 

 mixed with floccose hyphse and separate conidiophores, spreading indeterminately 

 upon the substratum. Reverse reddish orange (approaching "fulvous"), aerial 

 hyphse delicately granular or spinulose, which separates this from all other species 

 studied. Conidiophores 4-4. 5/i in diameter, short or very long, either separate or, 

 mostly, massed into very short, crowded coremia (less than 1 mm. in height). Conidial 

 fructifications usually 100-200,u in length, once or twice verticillate, with many 

 conidiiferous cells 9 by 2-2. 5/i, and long, loosely divergent chains of conidia. Conidia 

 at first cylindrical, then elliptical to globose, about 2.5-3 by 3-3.5 or 3/« in diam- 

 eter, yellowish green, granular, remaining in long chains in fluid mounts. Colonies 

 do not liquefy gelatin, litmus reaction slowly alkaline. 



The delicately granular or spinulose hyphae as noted and figured 

 by Bainier are a valid and distinctive character. The species is also 

 easily recognized by its general appearance and habit. Obtained 

 from the type cultures of Professor Bainier, Paris. 



