58 CULTURAL STUDIES OF SPECIES OP PENICILLIUM. 



PENICILLIUM No. 22. 



Colonies in gelatin or agar gray-green or glaucous persistently, or becoming gray, 

 not brown, otherwise appearing as P. commune; conidial fructifications more loosely 

 branching, with branches divergent; conidia larger and lighter color; odor, none or 

 indefinite; reactions as in P. commune. 



Habitat: Isolated several times from domestic soft cheeses made in the State of New 

 York, 1904-5; found associated with P. camemberti; in appearance and color resembling 

 latter species, but in structure of colony, measurements of conidiophores, etc., resem- 

 bling P. commune. In pure culture this form has maintained its identity clearly for 

 four years. 



CULTURAL DATA. 



Color gray-green; reverse colorless; color in media, none. 



Odor, none or very slight. 



Fifteen per cent gelatin in water, good growth; liquefaction, none in 15 days, partial 

 in 2 to 3 weeks or more; litmus reaction, blue. Potato agar and bean agar, good typical 

 colonies, with alkaline reaction to litmus. Potato plugs, good growth, typical gray- 

 green colony with crystal drops of exuded water. Cohn's solution, medium growth, 

 trace of pink in media. 



Synthetic fluid (Dox's), carbon supplied as: Cane sugar, good growth up to concen- 

 tration of 60 per cent, acid reaction. Lactose 3-10 per cent, typical. Levulose3 per 

 cent, good growth. Galactose 3 per cent, good growth, typical. Glycerin 3 per cent, 

 good growth. Butter fat, rich growth, typical. 



Milk, typical colonies; curdling (0.25 per cent calcium chlorid added) in 8 days; 

 digestion, rather slow; color in milk, none. 



At 37° C, no growth, grew when cooled; check at 20° G, typical. 



PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM n. sp. 



Latin diagnosis. — Coloniis in gelatina vel agaro Solani tuberosi aut phaseoli cultis, 

 griseo-viridibus, demum brunneolis, in substrato late crescentibus, margine sterili 

 lata juvenilibus parte aeria ex conidiophoris et caespitibus sparsis hyphorum ad- 

 scendentium composita; reverso incolorato; conidiophoris plerumque singulatim 

 usque 300X4/£ orientibus, raro brevibus ex hyphis assurgentibus ramosis; fructibus 

 conidicis 100-200 longis cum 1-2 ramis alternatis et divergentibus ramulos 1-2 verti- 

 cillatos gerentibus; basidiis 8X2.5/4 verticillatis ex apicibus ramulorum, catenas 

 divergentes conidiorum gerentibus; conidiis primum cylindricis vel ellipticis, demum 

 globosis, 3-4 diam., pallide glaucis, magnis vacuolis; coloniis gelatinam liquefac- 

 ientibus, alkalinis lacmo; lactem, panem, gelatinam, auream colorantibr.s. 



Habitat, in caseo, pane, etc., commune. 



Cultivated in gelatin, or bean or potato agar, gray-green, becoming brownish when 

 old; aerial portion consisting of conidiophores with some tufts of trailing aerial hyphae; 

 broadly spreading in the substratum with a wide sterile margin when young. Reverse 

 of colony not discolored. Conidiophores mostly arising separately, up to 300 by 4/i, 

 partly arising as short branches of aerial hyphae; conidial fructifications 100-200/( in 

 length, with 1-2 alternate divergent branches, bearing alternate, verticillate or twice 

 verticillate branchlets. Conidiiferous cells 8 by 2. 5/* verticillate at the ends of branch- 

 lets bearing divergent chains of conidia. Conidia cylindrical or elliptical at first, 

 then globose, 3-4/t in diameter, pale green, with large vacuoles. Colonies liquefy 

 gelatin, with alkaline reaction to litmus and produce in milk, bread, gelatin, and 

 other substances a golden yellow color (from which the name). 



Habitat, in bread, cheese, etc., apparently common and appearing in several 

 varieties which differ in the intensity of color production, in appearance in certain 

 cultures, but which are so far scarcely distinguishable by structural characters. 



