76 



CULTURAL STUDIES OF SPECIES OF PENICILLIUM. 



CULTURAL DATA. 



Color white or greenish gray — not green, grayish to brown or drab; reverse and 

 medium uncolored or sulphur-yellow in some media; litmus reaction strongly alka- 

 line. Potato and bean agar, typical. Potato plugs, weak growth, not adapted to 

 this species. Cohn's solution, weak growth, yellowish-green colonies. 



Synthetic fluid (Dox's) carbon supplied as: Cane sugar, grew well up to 30 per cent. 

 Lactose 10 per cent, good colonies. Levulose 3 per cent, good growth, yellowish 

 mycelium, fluid yellowish, alkaline. Galactose 3 per cent, typical alkaline reaction. 

 Glycerin 3 per cent, slow growth. Butterfat, good growth, reverse yellow, fat little 

 changed. 



Milk, fruiting areas upon glass, mycelium in contact with milk sulphur-yellow; 

 curdling (0.25 per cent calcium chlorid added) very slow — 3 weeks; digestion very 

 slow in normal or acid milk, rapid when alkaline; color in milk, none. 



At 37° C. grew more rapidly than at 20° C. 



PENICILLIUM SPINULOSUM n. sp. 



Latin diagnosis. — Coloniis in gelatinavel agaro phaseoli cultis,atro-viridibus, demum 

 fere atris, cito et late in substrato crescentibus, margine sterili lata juvenilibus; parte 



aeria ex conidiophoris 

 et ex hyphis floccosis 

 sparsis composita ; re- 

 verso incolorato ; conidio- 

 phoris 105-300 X 3-3. 5/i, 

 vel longioribus, apice 

 b/i incrassato, verticillum 

 basidiorum 9.5-11X2-3^ 

 gerente; fructibus coni- 

 dicis in columno denso 

 300 usque 500X15-30/* 

 ex catenis conidiorum 

 compositis ; conidiis pyri- 

 formibus vel globosis, 

 3.2-3.5X3.6-4/(, lepto- 

 dermibus, primum lsevi- 

 bus demum ministissime 

 spinulosis; coloniis gela- 

 tinam lente liquefacien- 

 tibus, acidis lacmo. 



In cultura in labora- 

 torium, Hannover, Ger- 

 mania. 



Cultivated upon gelatin or bean agar, deep green, spreading broadly in the sub- 

 stratum with broad sterile margin when young; aerial portion consisting of conidio- 

 phores and scattered aerial hyphoe; reverse of colony not discolored'; conidiophores 

 150-300/t or longer by 3-3.5^, with apex enlarged to 5/i in diameter, bearing a single 

 verticil of conidiiferous cells 9.5-11 by2-3u; conidial fructification a close column of 

 conidial chains up to 300 or eve,n 500/i in length by 15-30/*; conidia pyriform to glo- 

 bose, 3.2-3.5 by 3.6-4/i, very thin walled, smooth at first then delicately spinulose 

 or verrucose, yellowish green then almost smoky; liquefying gelatin slowly, with 

 strongly acid reaction. 



Found as a contamination of another species of Penicillium obtained in Doctor 

 Wehmer's laboratory at Hanover, Germany. Easily recognized and cultivated. 



Fig. H2.— Penicillium spinulosum: a, b, conidial fructifications consisting 

 of single verticils of conidiiferous cells (X 900); c, conidiiferous cell with 

 chain of young conidia smooth (X 900); d, f, ripe conidia, delicately 

 echinulate (X 900); e , swollen end of conidiophore bearing conidiiferous 

 cells (X 900); g, h, sketches of conidial fructifications (X 1,400). 



