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CULTURAL STUDIES OF SPECIES OF PENICILLIUM. 



Penicillium No. 31. 



Colonies upon gelatin and potato or bean agar from white to gray to gray-green 

 mostly white, with few areas of green conidia sprinkled with pink sclerotia, sparsely 

 floccose, broadly spreading. Conidiophores branching from aerial hyphae, very short 

 to 380/* in length, commonly 150-240/*, conidial fructification with a single verticil 

 or once branched with branch, conidiiferous cells and chains of conidia divergent, up 

 to 140/* in length, but usually much less. Conidia 2.5-3// globose, smooth, rarely 

 found in quantity to color the colony. Sclerotia elliptical or globose, 160-330/*, pink, 

 developed in 10-15 days. No asci have been secured. Colonies liquefy sugar gelatin 

 rapidly and give a stongly alkaline reaction to litmus in the same cultures. 

 Grows readily in conidial transfers upon all common media. 



Collected upon decaying Clavaria at Storrs, Conn., September, 1904. Identical 



culture sent from Cambridge, Mass., by 

 Dr. A. F. Blakeslee in culture obtained 

 from fruit imported from Porto Rico. 



CULTURAL DATA. 



Color white or gray, conidial areas gray- 

 green, very numerous pink sclerotia; re- 

 verse colorless or with yellow areas; color 

 in media, none or slightly yellowish. 

 Odor, none. 



Fifteen per cent gelatin in water, typ- 

 ical white or gray colonies; liquefaction 

 rapid; litmus reaction alkaline. Potato 

 and bean agar, typical, cultures with sugar 

 added become distinctly greener than 

 others. Potato plugs, typical, white or 

 gray with greenish areas, sclerotia, and 

 crystal drops of transpired fluid. Rau- 

 lin's fluid, some growth, not entirely 

 typical. Cohn's solution, weak develop- 

 ment but characteristic. 



Synthetic fluid (Dox's), carbon sup- 

 plied as: Cane sugar 1.5-20 per cent, typ- 

 ical growth. Lactose 3 per cent, weak growth. Lactic acid 0.9 per cent, no growth. 

 Levulose 3 per cent, typical. Galactose 3 per cent, typical, alkaline. Glycerin 3 

 per cent, slight growth. Butterfat, typical growth. 



Milk, curdling (0.25 per cent calcium chlorid added) in 9 days; digestion com- 

 plete; color, none. 

 At 37° C, no growth, grew when cooled; check at 20° C, typical. 



Penicillium No. 32. 



Colonies upon milk-sugar -gelatin and potato or bean agar gray-green; floccose, but 

 with aerial part mostly long conidiophores and few vegetative hyphse, slightly yel- 

 lowish to pronounced salmon color below; broadly spreading; developing elliptical to 

 globose sclerotia 150-200/* in diameter at the surface of the substratum in 2-3 weeks. 

 Conidiophores 200-500/* by 3-4/*. Conidial fructification a verticil of 3-5 branches 

 10-17/* by 2-3/* rarely a secondary verticil, each bearing a dense verticil of conidiiferous 

 cells, 8-10/* by 2/* producing long, parallel, or slightly divergent chains of conidia. 

 Conidia elliptical or fusiform, 3.5-4/* by 2-3/*, green, granular within, smooth, swelling 

 in germination to 6/* and producing from one to several germ tubes. Colonies slowly 

 liquefy milk-sugar-gelatin and produce purple or neutral colors in litmus media. 



Sent by Prof. P. H. Rolfs from Miami, Fla., upon portion of pineapple, March, 1905. 



Fig. 35.— Penicillium No. 31 : a, b, branching of conid- 

 iophore(X 900); c, germination of conidia (X 900); 

 d, e, f, sketches of conidiophores. 



