THE AGUICULTURAL NEWS. 



Tick Suppression 



OR 



Tick Eradication? 



How often should Cattle be Sprayed ? 



0*TTLE TIOI* 



HALF MEASURES. There are innumerable Cattle owners who think thai the object of dipping or spraying is to keep licks from getting on to 

 die cattle : this wrong impression is held almost always by those men who do not set before thempelves as their goal (he absolute eradication of ticks from 

 tbeir properly, but are content simply to keep the number of licks witliin bounds. These men aim merely at tick "suppression," and are apparently 

 content to regard ticks as a trouble that will always be with them : they look forward wilh equanimity to the prospect of having alwdvs to keep on spraying 

 their cartle from time to time, and do not even realise that it is perfectly possible, by spraying or dipping regularly and thoroughly, to completely eradicate 

 ticks from a properly within a period of two or three yeirs. 



ERADICATION SHOULD BE THE AIM. It should, therefore, be most strongly emphasised that the detcnninalion which should be behind 

 cattle dipfiing, or spraying operations, is not merely to "suppress" ticks, bu? to completely eradicate them. 



So far from it being desired to keep licks off cattle, the whole idea is lo use the cattle to collect the ticks from the infested pastures, and then to kill all 

 the ticks on the calde by spraying or dipping ihem m a tick-deslroymg fluid. In this way the tickf are being continually " mopped up" by the rattle, and 

 the pasture evcntu illy becomes absolutely free from licks. 



THE IMPORTA.NCE OF THE PROPER INTERVAL. But it wil! be clear thai, i! this desirable result is to be obtained, the cattle must 

 be treated Mifficit-nily often to prevent any licks which i;et on after one dijtpmg from falling off again before the Cattle are again dipped. If the interval 

 between trcaliiienl> is loo long, many female licks will fall off without ever having been dipped or sprayed. Each of ihei^e female ticks will lav several 

 thousand eggs, which means that ihe pasture is being continually re-ui(e?ted with young ticks. The importance o( no; allowing ar.\ female lick to escape spraying 

 wiP ' 2 realised If il is borne in mind thai ihe progeny of one single female tick may, wi'.hm a period of seven months, come to number 6,750,000,000 individual. 



INTERVAL DEPENDS ON LIFE HISTORY. In considering what is the proper interxal between sprayings or dippings, the deciding factor 

 most be ihe [-»e.'.">d v^hich a lick spends on an anirnal from the time il fcr^t gets on. as a seed tick, until llie nine it falls off as a fuily-engor'jjed female, ready 

 to lay eggs. 



It haf been proved beyond all doubt that the ordinary Cattle Tick requires at least three week: to complete that portion of its hfe-cvcle which il 

 spends on an animal. It follows, therefore, that one dipping or spraying every 21 days, li' quae sufficient lo calch and destroy all ticks which have got 

 OD to the animal su.ce ihe previous dipping. If the operation is performed every fortnight, so much the better, as ticks will be eradicated more quickly. 



AN OFFICIAL RECOMMENDATION. The following procedure is recommended by the Jamaica Department of Agriculture, when first 

 commencing iick-eradicatton measures : — 



Spray once, hsndpicking engorged female ticks on the pomt of droppini;. Spr^iy again 10 days later. If ticks still appear, spray again 10 dav^ later. 

 If no licks are found, spray 3 weeks later. Spray every 3 weeks throughout the year^ whether any ticks are seen or not. 



The next year the three-weekly spraying should be persi.'-lcd m. The following year idf pioperly should be free (rom ticks, if this procedure i» 

 observed and the spraying is always very thoroughly carried out. 



HOW LONG TO CONTINUE SPRAYING. If ticks apparentlv di«;appcar (rom the Calllc aflrr ihev have been under treatm'^nt for smie time. 

 the dipping or spra .ing >h()uld noi be disconlmued until il h.is bitn detcmir icJ by a mimber nl careliil I unci mspeclioii^ ih^I the cattle arc teallv (ri-'^ oi ticks 

 If licks continue on calile until cokl v.ealher and then fiiiallv '^isappear. it should be bttrne in mmd that in all probability eradication ha> not r<-allv been 

 accomplished, as there m.i> be engorged lemales. unhalch'-J e^gs. -md inactive seed ticks on the tdfin ; consequently, even i( iIk- ctnle >ht»ulil remain tree ol tick* 

 daring the winter, they may become rc-infesled the foi!owini» sprinj!. In any cise in which licks dl^appear from the cjtlle and treatment is discunliniied. 

 the cattle should be watched with the greatest care for ticks until ample lime has elapsed to leave no doubt that the properly is free of licks. 



HOW TO KEEP A PROPERTY CLEAN. After* properly nas been freed of ticks, precautions should be observed to prevent ticks from 

 being remirrtduct d. In case it becmiK-* netcssary lo bring ralllc from a ticky projieriv, theV should be complclelv ireed of licks before being 

 broDghl on the place; or. i( this is not pusf-iljle. n qu.iranline lot. fir pen, should be sei aside tc Utz used cvclu^ively for tiCKy caltle. where such catlle may b« 

 kept and entirely (rccd of licks before being fjlacecl wilh other f.iltle. S».cti cattle may be (rerd of ticks by dipping iheni twice at an interval of 10 d.^y^ in ao 

 arsenical dip. After the second dipping, the rattle »hould not be (Jaced 'n llir quiiratrtine pen, which may \iv "licky." but placed in a tick-free lot. where they 

 CU be observed for a time, to make ab^uLlcly certain that they cah' *o tickis, after uhich iht-y niav be (ihccd with the (>ther cattle. 



C COOPER'S CATTLE TICK DIP 

 na9 received the official approval of the following Coantriea : 



Snlob of South Afrira. Northern RhodeKiA. Brazil. BiunitAliind. 



NyaHalaod. Swaziland. Southern Rhodenia. Madax^atfcw. 



BrlUab Eaat AFricn. German EoMt Africa. Portu|[ueffe BsAt AfriijA. 



Portuguese West Africa. E^pt. Arifentine Republic. QueeaHlantl 



United Sl*t«ii of America. New South Walcn. 



Narthem Territory of Australia. 



Maniifachiren : WILLIAM COOPER & 



UANCHU: T«m«^ Oiof, ij^T, 



WEST INDIAN AGENTS : 



ANTKiDA: Hcnnett. Brvlon & Co.. 51. Johni>. 



BAMAMA5: II. T. Brice. Na.^sau, N.P. 



BARBADOS': BiirhadoA Co-operative Cotton Co., OrMEClown. 



BklTISH <IU1ANA: T. (leddci Grant. Ltd. 



DOMINICA: linn. M. A. Prampton. OKBNADA : Tho^1.^u^, Hankcy A C«. 



tillADIII.Ol Pr : 7*lic station Airrnnomiqtic de la Ouudeloupc. 



l»oint-.i-Pitrt. JAMAICA: D. Hender.ion & Co.. KinKstoD. 



MAHTINIOLi:: L. Duplan tSli Co.. Port-de-France. 



MONT.SURKAT: W. Uewellyn WaU. NEVIi: a. D. MaloiM. 



AT. KITT»: S. L. Hor.ilord * C«. ST. LUCIA: Barnard Sotu * ••.. 



Ca.^tTle*. ST. VINCBNT: C«rea & Co.. KlacatMm. 



TRINIDAD & TOBAOO: T. Qeddei Urant. L<«. 



AMERICAN VIROIN ISLANDS: O. H. SchalereUw. SL Crate. 



NEPHEWS, Berkhamsted, England. 



