Vol. XV III. No 451. 



THE AQRIUULTDRAL NEWS, 



255 



e 



mixture 4 4-50, to every gallon of which should bs added 

 a sticker, made as follows: — 



Resin ... ... ... ... 2 fc. 



Washing soda (crystals) ... ... 1 lb. 



Water... ... ... ... 1 gilion 



Mix, and boil until the preparation is a clear brown, about 

 one hour. This will make the Bordeiux spread and stick 

 to the glossy surface of the lime leaves. After the first 

 application has been made, the trees should be watched very 

 carefully as time goes on, to see whether or not the new 

 growth is becoming infrcted. If ini'tictions are found, it 

 would be advisable to make another application of Bordeaux 

 mixture. The number of applications necessary can only be 

 judged according to the climatic conditions throughout the 

 growing period. 



Mr. W. G. Freeman, Acting Director of Agjricul- 

 ture, Trinidad, adds the following notes : — 



The above article was written by Mr. Rorer before he 

 left for Ecuador. 



In the Report of the Porto Rico Agricultural 

 Kxperiment Station for 1917, pp. 29-30, reference is made 

 to what is apparently the same disease : — 



' The wither- tip fungus {Colktofrichum gheosporloides) 

 has been quite active during the past year, partly because 

 of lowered vitality in the trees from lack of fertilizer A few 

 cases have been noted in which the initial injury results 

 from poor drainage, impervious subsoil, or use of sprays. 

 The damage done by this fungus to vigorously growing 

 trees is very slight.' 



In the course of a visit paid on one day by Mr. Urich 

 and myself to thr-e lime estates in Trinidad, with very 

 similar climatic conditions, it was noticeable that the 

 disease was much more marked in places where the 

 cultivation was poor. Thus on one estate, the older 

 trees which have been in an abandoned condition for 

 several years were badly alTected, whilst close by, young 

 trees under good cultivation showed no sign at all of the 

 disease. 



In order to guard against the introduction of the disease 

 into lime-producing islands in which it is not at present 

 know 1, Proclamations have been issued in the Colonics of 

 the Leeward and Windward Islands, prolii'Miting the impoi- 

 tation of all Citrus plants and parts of Citrus plants, includ- 

 ing their fruits, from all parts of the West Indies excepting 

 those free of the disease, e.g. Antigua prohibits importations 

 from British Guiana or any island or place in the West 

 Indies except the islands of Dominica, Montserrat, St. Lucia, 

 and Grenada. 



(] ) The disease is for this reason also known as Blossom- 

 blight. (Ed.) 



We have received from the Macmillan Company, New 

 York, a copy of a new work entitled 'The Book of Cheese' 

 by Charles Thorn and W. W. Fisk. The subject of cheese 

 making is of no practical interest in the West Indies, but 

 to those readers who desire any information concerning 

 cheese making, we recommend this comprehensive and 

 instructive manual. 



ANDERSON OIL EXPELLEE IN THE 

 FEDERATED MALAY STATES. 



The successful working of the Anderson oil 

 e.xpeller in St. Vincent has been the subject of 

 frequent articles in the Agricidtwral News. The 

 following, bv Mr. R. .J. Eaton, Chemist, Departmeab 

 of Agriculture, Federated Malay States, on the 

 working of one of these machines at Singapore will 

 be read with interest. 



The efficiency of an Anderson oil expeller which is said 

 to have been running in Singipore for over ten years, under 

 by no means id?al conditions, has been tested by me, by 

 investigating the residual cake from various seeds with the 

 following results : 



Oil Moisture 



(per cent.) (per cent.) 

 Cake from ground-nuts 933 13-61 



Cake from small round seeds 



(Illipe?) (1st expression) 31-48 9 00 



Cake from ditto after 2nd 



expression 16 7() 12 '63 



Cike from groundnuts 112 12'8 



,, gingelly seed ir2 12 7 



,, groundnuts 69 — 



copra* 9-7 116 



The small round seeds (Illipe) are imported from Borneo 

 and yit'ld a hard s lid fat at the shade temperature 85* (Fah.) 

 in Malaya. The fat is probably one of the oils classed as 

 ' Iliipii ' fat or Borneo ttillow. 



The while kernels contiined 54-32 per cent, of oil and 

 7'59 per cent of moisture in one sample and 55'67 per 

 cent, of oil and 691 per cent, of moisture in another 

 sample. (The analysis of these samples was carried out by 

 Mr. D. Coghill.) 



A large, brown, flattened oval seed, also from a similar 

 source and yieldini^ a very similar fat, contained 51-41 per 

 cent, of oil and 8-32 per cent, of moisture. No residual 

 Cike from these seeds after treatment in the Anderson 

 expeller was available. (Analysis conducted by Mr. D. 

 Coghill.) 



The ground-nut cake and gingelly cake was derived 

 from seed imported from India. The original ground-nuta 

 contained 3G9 per cent, of oil. 



These results indicate that the expeller in the case of 

 the copra, ground-nuts and gingelly has a very good efficiency, 

 although not quite as good as in the case of the most efficient 

 hydraulic presses in which the oil in the residual cakes varies 

 usually from about 6 to 8 per cent. 



The lower efficiency in the case of the Illipe (?) seed 

 is probably due to the nature of the fat and to the fact that 

 the seed was not steamed to a sufficiently high temperature 

 to render it fluid. 



The results, in ray opinion, indicate, from the point of 

 view of efiicient expression, that this machine would serve 

 excellently for the purpose of oil expression in the case of the 

 majority of set ds in the tropics, especially when its original 

 cost and cheapness in running are taken intc consideration. 



For further details reference should be made to the 

 preceding article[in the Agricultural Bitlktiti of the Federated 

 Malay States, Vol. VII, No. I] on 'Methods and Machinery for 

 the extraction of Oils from Seeds.' 



* The sample of poouac or cake from copra was a .'i.iraple 

 obtained from copra expressed in aB Anderson expeller in 

 Ceylon. 



