Vol. XVIII. No. 453 



THE AQKICULTUKAL NEWS. 



285 



CALCULATION OF ADDED WATER 



IN MILK. 



There still occurs in the West Indies a lar^e ammnt of 

 milk adulteration, in spite of special legislation and chemical 

 control in certain islands. la connexion with this work it 

 seems worth while to call attentioo to the account of a 

 new formula for ihe calculation of added water, wliich is 

 given in the Experiment Sfatw» Record, Vol, 40, No. 5, 

 as follows : A formula has been deduced by which the 

 percentage of added wa'er is cilculateil on the assumption 

 that the original milk ontained the minimum of both fat 

 and solids-not-fat (3 and 8'.5 per cent, respectively) If N 

 and F equal, respectively, the percentage of solids not-fat and 

 the percentage of fat in the milk water mixture, X, or the 

 percentage of milk of the miminum standard in the original 

 mixture, it ia deteriained from the formula 



X = 



1.000 N 



3N + 8 5 (100- F) 

 100-Xthen equals the required percentage of added water in 

 the milk The probable amount of added water may be 

 found by .substituting average values for fat and solids not fat 

 m place of the figures 3 and So.' 



The formula is considered to be more accurate than the 

 Richmond rule, in that it introduces a compensation for any 

 deficiency which may have been caused by the rising of cream, 

 and the consequent depression of .solids not-fat in the creamery 

 fraction. 



ADDRESS TO TRINIDAD CREDIT 

 SOCIETIES. 



A. joint meeting of the Naparima and Savana Grande 

 Agricultural Credit Societies was held on July 26, 1919, in 

 the Victoria Hall, San Fernando. The chair was taken by 

 His Excellency the Acing Governor, the Hon. W. M. 

 Gordon, ai d there was a large attendance of cane farmers, 

 some 400 to 5'i0 being present. 



Ml- W. G. Freeman, B Sc, Acting Director of Agri- 

 culture, addressit g the meeting, said that to day's meeting 

 of the members of eleven Agricultural Credit Societies 

 founded in connexion with the Usine St. Madeleine group 

 of estates honoured by the presence of His E.TCellency the 

 Acting Governor, marked, he trusted, another definite step 

 forward in the agricultural progress of the colony. It 

 marked the acceptance of the principle of co-operation, or 

 working together for their common good, by the cane 

 farmers, a large and important class of agriculturists who were 

 taking an increasing share in helping to maintain the sugar 

 production of the colony. Ten years ago the cane farmers 

 grew about one quarter of all the canes ; they now grew 

 about one-half. The future success of the industry thus 

 evidently depended very Urgely on the continuance of good 

 relationships between the factories and the farmers. 



Mr. Freeman then referred to thi world shortage of 

 sugar and to the importance of central factories 



Coutinuing he pointed out that the development of 

 credit societies in this district was very largely due, as they 

 knew, to the personal interest of Mr. Moody Stuart, who 

 had also in other ways, including the introduction of a 

 sliding scale for their canes, helped to put cane farming nn 

 % better basis. Associated with Mr. Moody Stuart in this 

 good work was Captain Mark Moody Stuart, wliom they 

 were glad to welcome back from active service, Mr. Forbes 

 Todd, the manager of the various estates, Mr .fones, and Ian 

 but not least, Mr. Skinner, who had undertaken the duties uf 

 Hod. Secretary of all their societies. 



They had thus succeeded at last in having now twelve 

 societies in Trinidad and six in Tobago, and they would, he 

 believed, increase and flourish to the lasting be lefit of the 

 smtller cultivators of the colony, and through them ot the 

 large estates and of the whole community. The principles 

 on which they worked had been carefully explained to them 

 all. He would therefore only emphasize a few of the more 

 important points. They were as follows : - 



'Build up a good reserve fond oat of entrance fees and 

 pofits as soon as you can. With this to fall back on, you 

 can later reduce the rate of interest you charge membeis 



'Admit as members only people of good character. 



'Attend your general meetings. Understand what you 

 are doing ; what sums the Society is borrowing, for jou are 

 all personally liable for their repayment. 



'Select good men for your Committee, because you 

 entrust to them the lending out of the money you have bor- 

 rowed, money for which you are all responsible 



"Help the Committee in seeing thai loans are used for 

 the purposes stated. 



'Be prompt in your repayments of any loans, and if 

 impossible for special reasons for yon to repiy at the time an 

 instalment is due, go to the Committee at once and explain 

 why you cannot carry out your promises.' 



If, said Mr. Freeman, they kept these few principles 

 steadily in mind and worked honestly with one 

 another, their Society would be a success, and they 

 would find it a real help to them at the lime when 

 they needed money to carry out s 'me usef il purpose. 

 Moreover, they would find the Credit Society a means 

 of making the cane farmer more prosperous, and so 

 increasing the welfare of the sugar industry of the colony 

 and of ihe Empire. 



RICE SITUATION IN DEMERARA. 



In connexion with the note in the last issue of 

 the Agricultural News calling attention to the scarcity 

 of rice, the following information on the position in 

 Demerara, published in the Daily Agrosy for August 

 16, is of interest: — 



The need of the East Indian labourer for rice renders the 

 recasting of the Government export policy very urgent, in 

 view of the fiictthiit the neighbouring colonies cannot look 

 to the East for supplies. The island of Barbados which had 

 a large supply of rice during tLe last harvest is at present in 

 need of rice; and Trinidad also, with a full stock, must needs 

 look around for sources of supply in the near future. It is 

 estimated that the new crop, the harvesting of which will 

 commence very shortly, will exceed previous returns by sev- 

 eral thousand acres, and the yield per acre with the existing 

 conditions is also expected to be very good. Ou the basis 

 of last year's yield 65,000 acres, at a mean estimite of 16 

 bags per acre, ihe yield should be 1,040,000 nags of paddy, or 

 520,000 bags of rice. The total monthly consumption is 

 30,000 b>gs or 360,000 bags for the year, leaving a surplus 

 of 160,000 bags or 28,800,000 ftr. The quantity of rice 

 expoited during the last three years was 29. 139,265 (b. 

 for 1916; 32,182,428 Dt) for 19.7; 17,96t,l7S B>. for 

 1918, and 5,757,456 Bb. up to the end of July last. Th-re 

 is at present a temporary scarcity of rice in Water 

 Street, dua to circumstances already rep Tied — the absence 

 of a market and the consequent refusal of holders of stock to 

 convert paddy into rice. The position is likely to be 

 remedied very shortly, as it is expected that country farmers 

 will begin to bring stocks into the city. 



