Tin: AGIUCULTIJKAL NKWS. 



The Inefficiency of 

 Carbolic Fluids 



as 



Tick Destroyers 



OATTLK TICK 



A« ChWIVc or C«ftl Tar PlnM Preparationc are largely used in the West Indies and Central America for treating tick-infested cattU, 



it U desirable that it should be known that such preparations possess only a very low degree of tick-killing power. 

 WImd ProfeMOr Newttead paid a special visit to Jamaica to investigate the Tick Problem, the efficiency of a number of the mors 



popular of these Carbolic Fluids was carefully tested, with the result that 

 the number of ticks killed was never more than 65> and in some cases as low as 5% 



TTfcc foDowing reference to the Jamaica test? referred to above is taken 

 horn ■ Paper by the Hon. H. H. Coufirn. M.A.. F.C.S.. Director of 

 Amcabnre in Jamaica, entitled "Practical Mca:»ure» for the Preventioo 

 of Tici* in Jamaica ": — 



** Pro(cs»or Ncwstcad. and ihe Jamaica Dcpir'ment of Agri- 

 •"eolturc, carefully tested the clficacy of all the dip washes olfered 

 ** for ?ale in Jamaica, and il was found that the bulk of these 

 ''remedies were Carbolic or Coal-Tar Emulsions. 



*' We found, however, that thf^*; [)rc-->Tid.ions had not a high 

 " standard of * Wetting Power,' and tended to ' bead off ' the 

 "licks on the skin of the animal, much as plain water beads off 

 '* a duck's back. 



" Again, we found 'hat none of these preparations would 

 " kill ticks unless used at a strength that was very liable 

 "to strip the skin of the cows under treitrnent, and in 

 "no case d J we obtain a high efiicjency of tick 

 "destruction." 



These statements have been conTirmed by many investi^^alors in 

 different Countries, as will be seen, lor example, from the lollowing 

 extract from United States Department of Agriculture Bulletin 144, in 

 which are given lull pariitulars of a large number of tests, the result of 

 which was lu >hoA that arsenical preparations alone are really 

 efficient and salisfactor>' tick-destroyers ; — • 



" Ever since the fact that the tick is the agent of transmission 

 "of Texas Fever was established, investigations have been tarried 

 "on for the purpose «>f discovering some subsl ince whtcli, when 

 "applied extern' I'y u, the bodifs of tirk-lif^sfed ca'ilp. would free 

 "them from licks without injui) u> ihe aMini<ils tlicmselves. ^eveial 

 " remediei wh ch give good r«'suiis m the case of such external 

 " parasite; as rnange mi;e' and Kcc are of little or no use in the case 

 "of licks. For exam »lc. Lime ik Sulphur, tobacco, and carbolic 

 "or coal tar dips have been found to have no practical 

 ** value in tUe destruction of tick*.** 



The same conclusion was arrive I at as the result of similar tests 

 carried out at the Central Ag^icul urul Siatti>n in Cuba. The following 

 ii a quotation from Bulletin 8. entitled " Texas Fever and The Cattle 



r«k: 



"Calllc I icks upon animaK a-r very diT j1' in destroy, but 

 " we karr been making a caretui search lor some cheap and 

 "eftaeot remedy fur them. 



COOPER'S CATTLE TICK DIP 

 ttma rmemivtd the official approval of the following Countrim* : 



CKka of South Africa. Northern Rhodesia. Brazil. BasutoluilL 



Nyuwlmnd. Swsziluid. Southern IthodesU. MadoSuor. 



BritUh Eul Africa. German Kast Africa. Portuiiuese Bant Africa. 



PortutfueM Weat Afrlua. Egypt. Argentine Republic. QueensUnd. 



United State* ot America. New South Walea. 



Northern Territory ot Australia. 



" Creoline and other carbolic and coal-tar product! 

 ** were tried, mixed wiih water, and also with alcohol, in 2, 3, 4, 

 *' and 5 per cent, solutions, 



** The stronger applications will kill some ticks, but 

 *' not enough to warrant their use, as the skin of the 

 ** animals is irritated by them." 



The continued use in the West indie, of inclfective Carbolic Prepar- 

 ations for the destruction of ticks is no doubt due to the fact that most 

 Owners of Cattle look upon licks as a f»e^i that will aUvays exist whatever 

 is done, and regard the strugrle agair.st them as a hopeless. never-rnHing 

 one. They are consequently more or less satisfied so long as the number 

 of licks on their cattle is kept within re.-.^on.Tble bounds, and are reconciled 

 to die belief that, so lo:ig as ihey have cattle, so lont; will they have to 

 keep on treating them at intervals for ticks. 1 hey do not realize that it is 

 perfectly possible to eradicate ticks completely from a property 

 within a period of two or three years. 



To get rid of licks completely, once for all, it is only necessary to 

 treat the cittle regularly with sonic j.ropeily prep.ircd arsenical prepar- 

 ation, (or it is now generally recognised that arsenical fluids alone can 

 be relied on to kill every tick with which Ihcy come into contact. 



To employ a Carbolic prepirttion \shich will not kill more than 

 60% of the Ticks is merely trilling with the 1 ick Problem, for the 

 multiplication of licks takes place with amazing rapidi:y. One single 

 adult female lick has been known to lay 5,000 eggs. But if we lake 

 2,500 as the average number, and assuming that all these 2,500 eggs 

 matured, and that one half were females, the following figures show the 

 number of 'icks that mjghl be produced in one year by a single tick: — 



1st Generation ... 2,500 



2nd Generation 3,125.000 



3rd Generation 3,906,2 50,000 



4ih Generation 4,882.812,500,000 



5lh GeneiaUon ... 6,103,5 15,625.000.000 



Total progeny from I tick in 1 year . 6,108,402,-346,877,500 



TWm fi<urct ikcw tbe iaparluicc «f muot Prcparatiooi which will kill every tiagU lick. 



Even the most effective Carbolic Preparations never kill more ihan 

 b5% of the ticks, and the use of such inefficient fluids can only result, at I 

 liie mo*l. m kee|>ing the ticks in check . \% hereas if an arsenical prcpar- 

 aiion, such as Cooper'" Cattle Tick Dip. he regularly and carefully use<l. 

 CO"'o''~*e ^rndication in no*«ihU witSin a few years. 



WEST INDIAN AGENTS ; 



ANTIOUA : Bennett, Bryson & Co.. St. Johna. 



BAHAMAS: H. T. Brice, Na.'iaau, N.P. 



BARBAn05 : Borbado.f Co-operative Cotton Co., Brldtetewa. 



BRITISH aUlANA: T. Qedde.^ Orant. Lid. 



DOMINICA: Hon. H. A. Frampton. OkENADA: Thomson, Hankcy * Ga. 



UUADEl.OUPI: : The Atatlon Acronomiuue de la OuadeloDfW, 



Polnt-A-Pllre. JAMAICA: D. Hendemon & Co., KlasatOB. 



MARTINIQUB: L. Duplan & Co., Fort-de-Prancc. 



MONT5ERHAT: W. Llewellyn Wall. NEVI5 : 3, D. Maleaa. 



»T. KITTS: 3, L, Horsford & Co. 3T. LLICIA: Barnard 3on» A C*.. 



Castries. ST. VINCENT: Corea 4 Co., Klncstswii. 



TRINIDAD A TOBAOO: T. Oeddea Orant. I.t4. 



AMBKICAN VIROIN ISLANDS: O. H, Scbmiacalmv, St. i 



Manufacturers : WILLIAM COOPER & NEPHEWS, Berkhamsted, England. 



•RANCHES: Tanala, Oicaca, ijimej. 



AiTM. MoaU Vidao, Paali AnMM, U \ >wg , 



