THE AGRICULTURAL NEWS. 



The Losses Caused by 



Cattle Ticks 



HOW TO AVOID THEM 



CATTLB TICK 



THE LOSSES CAUSED BY CATTUB TICKS. Many cattle owneti 



who h:ivc ahv;ivs heei) ;Kcu^tonied to see both Ticks and Ticky Cattle oa 

 their farms arc unfortunately not inclined to attach much importance to 

 Cattle Ticks, and, as a rule, through lack of appreciation of their damaging 

 effects, placidly consider them as of little consequence. That Ticks may 

 cnuse losses in many dirferent ways has probably not suggested itself to 

 the ie stockmen, who are really most vitally affected, and it therefore seems 

 necessary to emphasize the fact that, in addition to their relation to 

 diseases such as Texas Fever (or Kedwater), Ticks may also be the cause 

 «f serious loss in many directions. 



While the power oi transmitting Redwater (and other diseases in other 

 countries) is undoubtedly the most dangerous property possessed by Cattle 

 Ticks, and is the principal cause for adopting stringent measures in secur- 

 tog their complete eradication, nevertheless there still remain other good 

 frasons for the accomplishment of this achievement, as will be gathered 

 from a reading of the lollowing notes. 



LOSS OF CONDITION IN CATTLE. Apilt from question* ol 



disease, the presence of Ticks on Cattle reduces their condition. 



During the period of an experiment made specially to test this point. 

 lieavily intested cattle lost an average of 9 lbs. iu weight, whilst the tick- 

 free cattle gained an average of 44 i^s., both lots of cattle being fed alike. 



There is another case of a tick-infested steer which weighed 730 lbs., 

 and which, after being freed frnm ticks by dipping, weighed 1015 lbs. two 

 •aonths later, the feed remaining the same as before dipping. 



DECREASED MTLK YIELD. Great losses occur by Ticks on Milch 

 cows, reducing the milk yield, and in suuil- cases 50 injuring the teats as to 

 tender then) useless. 



A series of experiments on this point was carried out by the United 

 8tates Dep.arfment of Agriculture, and it was sliown that : — 



it) Cows lightly infested with Ticks produced 18^ per cent less mUk 



than Tick-free cows ; 

 {2) Cows heaTlly infested with Ticks produced 424 per cent, less milk 



than Tick -free cows 



REDUCED WORKING POWER. Cattle whose vitality is reduced 

 %y Tick infestation tann-it give ihe same returns in work as healthy 

 cattle. This is another source of loss in coimtries where cattle are used 

 for haulage, ploughing, and otiier working purposes. 



DAMAGE TO HIDES. The market value of hides is greatly reduced 

 by the perforations caused by the Cattle Tick. Tick-bitten liidt-s are 

 ■worth ijd. per pound less than uninjured hides. Even cm a hide wtij^lung 

 50 pounds there w.nild thus be a dead luss of uver six shillings. 



HIGHER MORTAUTY RATE. U the vitality of cattle is kept at a 

 low point by Tick infestation, they will be much more Hable to disease, 

 and much less able to offer resistance U> any disease they may acquire. In 

 the Tick-infested area ot the United States the death-rate amongst cattle 

 b ne;irly three times greater than in the Tick-free area. 



STUNTINO OF GROWTH. This is another material loss caused by 

 Ticks. With Tick infestation at babyhood, there is very little chance to 

 bring cattle to early maturity. The .stunting which they receive requires 

 them to bf kept as nui.h as two jycars longer before they are fit for the 

 butcher. That means two years of e.vtra teed and care, and loss of 

 laterest '*n capital (ied uj- nnnen 'S.nily lung. 



INCREASED LIABTLTTY TO DISEASE. Ticl^s suck I'lood, and 

 thus, by reducing the geiierai vitality of cattle, render them ge:ier.il!y much 

 more liable to diseases of all kinds. 



But there are some diseases the attack of which is directly facilitated 

 by Tick Bites, such as Ulcerative Lymphangitis and Sporotrichosis of 

 horses. The spread of Demodectic Mange is also greatly assisted, and the 

 same applies to many skin diseases, such as KinL^worni. caused by 

 fungus growths. Tick also inoculate the microbes of suppuration, causing 

 obstinate abscesses. 



The discharge of such sores, and in some cases the mere oozing of 

 blood serum through incisions made by the mouth parts of the Tick, keeps 

 the hair moist and matted toi^ether ; the laving and hatching ot Hy eggs in 

 Bucb area give rise to infestation witli destructive maggots, causing ulceis 

 and other complications that require medical treatment. 



LOSS OF BLOOD. It has been calculated that cattle heavily infested 

 with Ticks may lose as much as 500 lbs. of blood in the course of a year. 



This drain on the system of an animal means that extra feed is required, 

 and involves a greater expenditure of eneri^y an the part ot the animal in 

 obtaining, digesting and assimilating this additional amount of food. -All 

 this extra food and extra energy means loss of money. 



OTHER BENEFITS OF CATTLE DIPPING OR SPRAYING. The 



dipping or spraying of cattle is ordinarily carried out with tlie sole object 

 of destroying Ticks, but many other benetits are incidentally tleiived from 

 the operation. l)ipping prevents and cures Ringworm, .M.inge, Warts. 

 It kills the Bot, W.irble. Horn and other Flies, and the M.aggots and 

 Larvae deposited by same. It prevents Hairballs in Calves by allaying 

 Skin irritation. It kills tl-e Fly which is the transmitting agent of the 

 Worm causing Ophtiialmia. The attacks of Lice and ail otlior skin para- 

 sites are prevented. Dipping destroys the organism of Contagious Abor- 

 tion. In fact, the man who dips or sprays his cattle and horses regularly 

 has the satisfaction of knov.ing that he is "killing many birds with imc 

 stone." 



HOW TO AVOID LOSSES FROM TICKS. Obviously, losses caused 

 by Ticks can be prevented by destroying the Ticks ; and a ready means 

 of doing this is to treat tlie cattle with an effective Tick-destroying pre- 

 paration, such as -to quote the best known— Cooper's Cattle Dip. 



This preparation is Uie outcome of a costly scries of experiments at 

 Gonubie I'ark Experimental Farm in South Africa, extending over some 

 years; briefly it may be described as the solution of the problem of 

 utilising the Tick-killing properties of arsenic, without incmring risk of 

 injury to the animals by "scalding" or otherv.ise. 



Irrefutable evidence of the superior merits of Cooper's Cattle Dip is 

 afforded by the Govermnentg of the following countries: — 



United States of AnaericA. Brasil. Northern Rhodesia. Madagascar. 

 Southern Rhodcsifi. Union of South Afriia. British Eist Africa. Sudan. 

 Swazdaad. GerBaan Etuit Africa. Northern Territory of Australia. 

 Basutoland. Portuguese East Africa. Egypt. Portuguese West Afrioa. 

 Queensland. British West Indies. Argentine Republic. Nyasaland. 

 New South Wales. 



Therefore, Cooper's Cattle Dip may be said to command the oflicial 

 approval of the Governments of practically all the important cattle raising 

 countries of the woi Id. which in itself is ample testimony to its value. 



COOPER'S CATTLE TICK DIP 



mM rmcmvmJ ihe official approval of thm following Coantna*: 



DUoc of South Africa. Northero Rhodesia. Braxll. BamitoUnd. 



Nraaaland. Swaziland. Southern Rhodeaia. Madacascar 



Brftlab Eanl Africa. German East Africa. Portuffueac Eant Afrioa. 



^rtu^u«sc West Africa. Bifypt. Argentine Republic. Queeosiand. 



United Stat4>n of America. New South WalM. 



Northern Territory of Australia. 



WEST INDIAN AGENTS ; 



ANTIGUA: Bennett. Bryaon A. Co., 5t. Jehtt«. 



BAHAMA5: H. T. Brlce. Na.vsau. N.P. 



BARBAD05: Barbados Co-operative Cotton Co.. 6rt4rcUwa. 



BRITISH auiANA: T. Qedde.t Qraot. Ltd. 



DOMINICA: Hon.H. A. Frampton. URENADA: Thomson. Haak«]r«C«» 



OUADBLOUPE : The station Afirronomlque do la auadcloop*, 



Point-A.pltrc. JAMAICA: D. hender.^on A Co., KInffMa*. 



MARTINIQUB: U Duplan A. Co.. Fart-de-Praace. 



M0NT5liKRAT: W. Uewellyn Wall. NeVI5: 5. D. Malaa*. 



5T. K1TT5 : 3, L. Horaford & Co. 5T. LUCIA: Barnard 5«a« A C«»« 



CaJtriee. ST. VINCENT: Coraa A C«.. KJar*t*wa. 



TRINIDAD A TOBAQO: T. Qoddas Qraat LU. 



AMERICAN VIROIN ISLANDS: O. H. Sdimtocalaw. St. ( 



4Unvhz\urm : WILLIAM COOPER & NEPHEWS, Berkhamsted, England. 



AMASOIES: Twwto, CUof., Sr<bn. Mmtbrnn,, UiUtmi, Bmm. Amt, M«rt« VMm, fWtn Amm, 



