THI: LON'G-LI'AF PINE. 



(Fill UK palustris Mill.) 



BRIEF ACC'OrNT (IF THE SrECIES— ITS lillTANILAL AND TECHNICAI, CHAEACTEEISTICS AND IHSTRIBT-TION. 

 [Kfjiriiit, with additions, from ^^iiuii:il Kuport ol* the- Cliiof of the l>ivision of Forestry for 1891.] 



There are in the Soiit hcni Athiiitic and Gulf States ten species of pine which are or can be cut 

 into lumber. Two of these, llie wliite jiine (7'/«».v Sfrohii.s L.) and the pitch-pine, also called yellow 

 oi- l)]a(k pine (Z'/h».s- riyida iNIill.) occur only in small bodies on the Allegheny Mountains from 

 Virginia down to northern Georgia, being rather Northern pines. Three, the Jersey or scrub- 

 pine, occasii nally also called shortleaf or spruce-pine {I'inus rm/v/ifrtHft Mill.) along the coast to 

 iSouth Carolina; the sand, scrub, or s^irucc-pine \riinis chuisa (Engelui.) Sarg.], found in a few 

 localities in Florida, and the poinl, also called loblolly or Savannah pine (Pimis serotina Mx.) along 

 the coast from North Carolina down to Florida, occur either so sparingly that they do not cut any 

 tigure on the lumber nnirkct or do not often produce sizable trees for sawlogs. 



There remain, then, five distinctly Southern species which are actually cut for lumber; one of 

 these, the spruce-pine, also called cedar pine or white pine (P/hm* (//rt&rrt Walt.), probably does 

 not reach the market excejit by accident. But the other four may be found now in all the leading 

 markets of the East. 



There exists considerable confusion among architects, builders, engineers, as well as dealers 

 in lumber and lumbermen themselves, as to the identity of these species and their lumber. 



The confusion arises mainly from an indiscriminate use of local names and from ignorance as 

 to the differences in characteristics of their lumber as well as the diiiiculty in desci'ibing these. 

 Besides the names used in designating different species, there are names used by lumbermen to 

 designate ditlercnccs of quality in the same species and, in addition, names used in the markets 

 without good distinction, until it becomes almost imiiossible to unravel the multiplicity of desig- 

 nations and define their meaning. Architects are apt to specify "Southern pine," not knowing 

 that the greatest range of qualities can be supplied under that name; or refuse to accept "Texas" 

 or "North Carolimi pine" for '-Georgia pine," although the same pine and quality can be furnished 

 from either State. . Dealers handle "long-leaf pine" i'rom Arkansas, where the timber that is 

 understood by that name never grew. Millmen fill their orders for this pine, either overlooking 

 differences or without knowing them. 



The table (page lo) of common names, which have been found applied to the four species fur- 

 nishing Southern iiinc lumber, will most readily exhibit the difficulty arising from misapprehen- 

 sion of names. These names are used in the various markets and in various localities in the home 

 of the trees. Where possible the locality in which the name is used has been placed in brackets 

 by the side of the name, 



MARKET NAMES. 



The various names under which Southern pine lumber appears in the market are either 

 general or specific: the former being more or less geneial in application to lumber manuiactuied 

 in the South, without reference to special localities, the latter referring to special localities from 

 which the Inmber is actually or presumably derived. In regard to the latter .class of names it is 



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