40 



The results would indicate that the distillation is practically complete at 160° and that the 

 wood itself does not contribute any COj by partial deijonipositiou at that high temperature, for, 

 should the latter be the case, higher results might be expected at ISO" than at 100° and then the 

 sapwood would give much higher numbers for turpentine oil than tliose actually obtained. 



Even if this method does not give tlie absolute amounts of volatile hydrocarbons, yet it certainly 

 gives results very near tlie truth, and, what is more im])ortant, under the same ('onditions it gives 

 constant results. Therefore, by employing strictly parallel conditions in the analysis of the differ- 

 ent samples, results are obtained whiclicau be safely used as indices of comparison of the relative 

 amounts of volatile hydrocarbons in the samples under analysis. 



Materkd for iiHahjKh and method of de-ilf/uation. 



ilaleriah. — Trees No. 'I'J nnil 53, iibnndoiipd f) years. 



Trees No. 60 iintl 61, aliinidmied 1 year. 



Trees No. 1 and 2, not taiijied. 



Trees .54-.57, abandoned 5 years. 



Trees 58-59, abandoned 5 years 



Trees 63-65, abaniloned 1 year. 



Trees 66-69, al)andonpd 1 year. 



Trees 17-19, not tnpiied. 

 Generally disk II is 23 I'eet from fjronnd. 

 ^ disk III is 33 feet from gronnd. 



disk IV is 43 feet from gronnd. 



Method of dcsifinafion. — It was thouglit best to make a somewhat detailed analysis of a few bled 

 and unbled trees in order to gain an insight into the quantitative distribution of turpentine in the 

 trees. Each disk was divided into pieces of about thirty lings each, the heart and sapwood, 

 being kept separate. The number of the disk is designated by a Tioman tigure, the kind of wood 

 by either a for sajjwood or A for heartwood. The Arabic tigure which precedes the // or .v desig- 

 nates the number of the piece counting for the sapwood from the bark, for the heartwood from the 

 line of division between sap and heart. 



Is 



28 



Ih 



SK 



3K 



■tH 



Fio. 19. — Distribiitidii of tnrpenlinc in trees. (A piece marked Ti'i. III. 2h iiie.iua tree Ko. 5*J. di.sk ITI, tlio secoiid piece of the heart.) 



Preparation of material. — The fir.st six tables give the results of what might be called "detail" 

 analysis, where each piece of about tliirty rings has been analyzed separately. The material for 

 analysis was jirejjared in the foUowiug way: A radial section oC the disk, about 1 to 2 incites 

 thick, is selected. A piece of 1 inch is cut off transver.sely and the strij) is then divided into 

 l)ieces of about thirty rings each. From the freshly cut transvei'se surface ahont 15 grams of thin 

 shavings are ]>laned off and iilaced in a stoi>pered Itotth'. Tlie exact amount used for analysis, 

 usually from 3 t(t 5 grams, is found by weighing the bottle before and after taking out the portion 

 for analysis. 



The second set of tables, Yll to XII, inclusive, give the results of ''average" analy.sis. The 

 nniterial for these analyses was obtained by mixing ctjual (inanlities of shavings from the corre- 

 sponding j)ortions of several trees and taking for analysis an average sample of the mixture. The 

 saj) wood fnrnished one analysis, and the heart wood was either analyzed as a whole or divided 

 ii:to two i)ortions, l/( and 2h, if of considerable thickness. 



Xotes on Tablex I to XII. 



Each table contains a column "tralculated for wood free from moisture," giving the per cent of 

 vf)latile hydrocarbons and rosin obtained by calculation from results actually found. Objections 

 might be raised to this mode of interpreting the results. It miglit be said that the moisture in the 



