WI>'D IN THE FOKEST. 



iO 



is a strong" reason why all wounds, sucli as those made 

 in pruning", should be covered with some substance like 

 paint or tar to exclude the air and the spores it carries. 



WIND IN THE 1-OREST. 



The effect of wind in tlie virgin forest is not wliolly 

 injurious. Although in many regions it overthrows 

 great numbers of old trees, their removal is usually fol- 



FiG. 69.— A windfall in the Olympic Fig. 70.— lu the same windfall. Olympic 



Forest Reaerve, Washington. 



Forest Reserve, "SYashinirton. 



lowed by a vigorous young growth wliere the old trees 

 stood. (See PI. XXXIX.) In this way the wind lielps to 

 keep the forest full of young and healthy trees. But it 

 also breaks and blows down great numbers of useful 

 growing members of the forest. 3Iuch of this windfall 

 occurs among shallow -rooted trees, or where the ground 

 is soft because soaked with water, or where the trees 

 have been weakened by unsoundness or fire. Some 



