40 



A PRIMER OF FORESTRY. 



ing onl}^ a single kiud; in other words, in pure forest. 

 (See fig. 34 and PI. XIX.) The Longleaf Pine of the 

 South Atlantic and Gulf States is of this kind, and 

 so is the Lodgepole Pine of the West. Conifers are 



more apt to grow in i^ure 

 forest than broadleaf trees, 

 because it is more common 

 for them to have winged 

 seeds. The greater part of 

 the heavy- seeded trees in 

 the United States are de- 

 ciduous, and most of the 

 deciduous trees grow in 

 mixed forest, although there 

 are some conspicuous excep- 

 tions. But even in mixed 

 forests small grouj^s of trees 

 with heavy seeds are com- 

 mon, because the young trees 

 naturally start up beneath 

 and around the old ones. 

 A heavy seed, dropping from 

 the top of a tall tree, often 

 strikes the lower branches 

 in its fall and bounds far out- 

 side the circle of the crown. 

 Trees which are found only, 

 or most often, in i^ure forest 

 are the social or gregarious 

 kinds; those which grow in mixture with other trees 

 are called scattered kinds. Most of the hardwood for- 

 ests in the United States are mixed; and many mixed 

 forests, like that in the Adirondacks, contain both broad- 



FiG. 38.— Sprouts of Gray Birch 

 Tvith a small White Oak in the 

 foreground. Milford, Pa. 



