266 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



bark beneath. The trunks should then be washed with soft soap'thinned 

 with water to a thick paint. If borers are present a teaspoonful of sul- 

 phur and of carbolic acid to a gallon of the soap mixture can be added to 

 advantage. 



(5.) Spray the trees with the approved remedies for the insects and 

 fungous diseases that attack the apple. Good results can not be expected 

 unless a perfect and healthy foliage is preserved, and the fruit will be of 

 little value unless it is protected from the ravages of the codlin moth and 

 the apple scab. 



The above treatment is of course only suggestive, but, as most orchards 

 will be benefited if handled as recommended, it is submitted for consid- 

 eration. 



INSECTS AND DISEASES. 



The more troublesome insects and diseases of this fruit are described in 

 Bulletin 121 and remedies for their destruction are there given. 



The following spraying calendar for the apple is here inserted as the 

 other bulletin may not be at hand: 



Treatment for Insects and Diseases of the Apple, 

 (Canker worm, Codiin moth, Bad moth, and Apple scab.) 



First application, spray before buds start, using copper sulphate 

 solution. 



Second application, after the blossoms have formed, but before they 

 open, spray with Bordeaux mixture and Paris green. 



Third application, within a week after blossoms have fallen, use Bor- 

 deaux mixture and Paris green. 



Fourth application, ten to fourteen days later, repeat. 



Fifth application, twelve to twenty days later, spray with Bordeaux 

 mixture. 



It may be well to state that the Paris green is for the destruction of any' 

 insect, such as the canker worm, codlin moth, or bud moth, that may eat 

 any exposed part of the tree or fruit, while the Bordeaux mixture is only 

 used as a fungicide for the destruction of the apple scab or any of the 

 other fungous diseases to which the trees are subject. The first applica- 

 tion is intended to destroy any mycelium of the apple scab that may have 

 wintered over upon the branches. With the second it is intended to coat 

 with a fungicide the foliage and particularly the blossoms and blossom 

 stems, thus rendering them safe from the entrance of the germs of the 

 fungus, while the Paris green is intended to destroy the canker worms that 

 are likely to appear while the trees are in blossom. The third application 

 is to destroy the larvse of the codlin moth before they enter the fruits 

 and to again provide for the protection of such parts of the tree as are not 

 covered with a fungicide. The fourth application is for a similar purpose, 

 while the fifth is to protect the fruits from the scab. 



In many cases and for most varieties, it will not pay, perhaps, to give 

 the five applications, but if canker worms and apple scab are troublesome 

 the second should not be omitted and in nearly all parts of the state the 

 third and fourth applications can be made with profit. 



