268 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



THE PESTS OF THE OECHARD AND GARDEN. 



BY L. R. TAFT AND G. C. DAVIS. 



Bulletin No. 121. 



Farmers are beginning to appreciate the faot that, if they would raise 

 paying crops of fruit and vegetables, they must protect them from their 

 insect and other parasites. From time to time we have issued short bul- 

 letins regarding some of the more injurious forms, both of insects and dis- 

 eases, but, as the matter is scattered through a dozen or more bulletins 

 and reports, and as our increased knowledge of their life histories enables 

 us to better prescribe for them, this bulletin upon the subject has been 

 prepared. 



The portion relating to insects and the remedies for them was written 

 by the consulting entomologist of the station, G. C. Davis, and the dis- 

 eases, fungicides, and spraying machinery are considered by the horticult- 

 urist, L. R. Taft. 



In the calendar we have noted some of the most common fruit and 

 garden crops, and the insects and diseases by which they are infested. 

 We have also endeavored to show the remedies that will be found most 

 eflBcacious against them and the times at which they should be applied. 

 The more important applications and the ones that will be most likely to 

 be needed are printed in italics. The fruitgrower will have to judge for 

 himself, however, as to the number that can be used with profit. In some 

 cases and for some of these crops it will not pay to spray at all, while in 

 others even more applications will be desirable than have been indicated. 



In case the material is washed from the plants by rain, it will generally 

 be well to renew the application at once, as it is during wet weather that 

 there is the greatest danger from the entrance of the germs. 



FUNGICIDES. 



During the past ten years there has been a great increase in the use of 

 various materials for the destruction of the fungous diseases, with which 

 our crops are infested. Previous to 1885, jQowers of sulphur was used to 

 some extent for mildew of the grape and the rose, but today the chemicals 

 used in the preparation of funigcides can only be estimated in hundreds 

 of tons. 



The material most commonly used is sulphate of copper or "bluestone, " 

 which is applied either as a solution in water or ammonia, or combined 

 with other materials. In the case of most of our tree fruits, it has been 



