270 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



CAUTIONS. 



In the use of fungicides and inseoticides the following precautions 

 should be observed : 



1. Do not mix the copper preparations in iron or tin vessels; always 

 use those of wood, glass, or earthenware. The valves, piston, and cylin- 

 der, and preferably all parts of the pamp with which the material can 

 come in contact, should be of brass. 



2. Do not add Paris green to ammonia-containing solutions; always use 

 lime or Bordeaux mixture, especially upon the peach and other trees with 

 tender foliage. 



8. When lime is used, slake it carefully and strain through burlap or 

 some similar material. If this is not done the lumps of lime will be likely 

 to clog the pump or nozzle. 



4. Never spray with arsenites when the trees are in blossom, as the bees 

 will be killed. They are necessary to fertilize the jflowers. 



5. Study carefully the nature of the disease or insect and select the 

 remedy that is most likely to destroy it without injuring the plant. 



COMBINED INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES. 



The expense of the fungicides has been so reduced that the greatest 

 expense in their use is the cost of application. It so happens that for the 

 chewing insects, which include the greater part of those that injure our 

 crops, the arsenites are used. At the time our trees require treatment for 

 this class of insects, we also need to apply Bordeaux mixture for the fungi 

 that threaten them. Not only is it possible to combine the two prepara- 

 tions, and thus save the cost of making one application, but each will be 

 strengthened by it, as the arsenites can be used stronger without danger 

 of injuring the foliage, when united with the lime of the Bordeaux mix- 

 ture, while the Paris green is of some value as a fungicide and will make 

 the Bordeaux more effective. 



If used with any of the copper solutions it should only be upon plants 

 that are not readily injured, and then only in very small amounts. 



The results obtained from the union of kerosene emulsion with Bor- 

 deaux mixture and other fungicides are far from satisfactory, but the 

 extent to which this material is used makes it of minor importance. 



In the preparation of the combined materials, the same amount of the 

 Paris green should be used, whether alone or combined with the Bordeaux 

 mixture, although a considerably larger quantity could be used in the 

 latter case, without danger of injury to the foliage, should it be deemed 

 necessary. 



FUNGICIDE FORMULAS. 



BORDEAUX MIXTURE. 



Copper sulphate 4 pounds 



Fresh lime (unslaked) 3 pounds 



Water 40 gallons 



Place 6 gallons of water in a tub or barrel and hang in it 4 pounds of 

 pulverized copper sulphate, in a burlap or other coarse sack. Slake the 



