EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 275 



fifth oil and sliould be diluted with twice its own bulk of water before 

 using. 



CEUDE CARBOLIC ACID. 



Where diluted or emulsified, this preparation has some very good insect- 

 icidal properties, and is apparently superior to the kerosene emulsion for 

 certain insects. Always use the crude carbolic acid as it is cheaper and 

 quite as effectual as that which is refined. 



Carbolic Acid Emulsion. — Mr. Slingerland* has been experimenting 

 quite extensively with this emulsion on the cabbage root maggot, and the 

 formula that he recommends is as follows: "One pound of hard soap or 

 one quart of soft soap dissolved in one gallon of water, into which one 

 pint of crude carbolic acid is then poured and the whole mass agitated into 

 an emulsion, which will remain in this condition for a long time. In treat- 

 ing the plants, take one part of this standard emulsion and dilute it with 

 80 equal parts of water. It can probably be used stronger without injury 

 to the plants. If the emulsion is cold and semi-solid, use several parts of 

 warm water at first." 



Carbolic Acid mixed with Soft Soap in the proportion of one part to 

 sixteen of the soap, makes a wash that has been highly recommended for 

 all kinds of borers and for scale insects. The acid may be made into an 

 emulsion and used as a spray if preferred, making the emulsion not weaker 

 than one to ten when diluted. 



Mixed with Water, at the rate of a tablespoonf ul to two gallons of water, 

 and sprinkled over the plants, it has been found to be a temporary repellant 

 for some insects. 



Carbolized Lime is a more lasting repellant. It may be made by slak- 

 ing fresh lime with carbolic acid in the water at the rate of a teacupful of 

 the acid to each bushel of the lime, or by slaking the lime and then adding 

 the acid. The first method mixes it better, but appears to lose part of its 

 strength in the heating. Half a teacupful of the acid is said, by those 

 who have used this preparation extensively, to be sufl&cient for tender 

 melon vines and a few other tender plants. 



WHALE OIL SOAP. 



When dissolved in water, this soap makes a very good wash for _ trees 

 and destroys many soft-bodied insects. It has a strong odor and, with its 

 insecticidal ingredients, is superior to common soap in making emulsions. 



/ PYRETHRUM AND BUHACH. 



As these powders are harmless to man and all animals that breathe by 

 means of lungs, they are valuable to us at times when other remedies can 

 not be used. The two substances are made from the flowers of a plant 

 closely related to the chrysanthemum and daisy. The dried flower heads 

 are finely ground and this yellowish powder makes ourbuhach, pyrethrum, 

 Dalmatine, and Persian insect powder of commerce. There is compara- 

 tively little difference between the buhach and pyrethrum, except that they 



* Bulletin 78 of the Cornell University Experiment Station, p. 530. 



