EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 311 



In some seasons, particularly if the trees are grown without cultivation, 

 most of the leaves turn yellow and drop from the trees. As upon the pear 

 leaves, small, circular spots appear, and if numerous enough may run 

 together and cover a considerable portion of the leaves. After a time small 

 black specks appear in the center of the brown spots and indicate that the 

 spores are being formed. This disease yields readily to the Bordeaux mix- 

 ture, and, if three applications are given, the foliage will keep healthy and 

 will remain much longer on the trees than when the trees are not sprayed, 

 while the fruit will be free from spots. The fact that the trees retain the 

 leaves will cause a marked increase in the size of the fruit, and this will not 

 only give a larger yield, but the fruit will sell for a higher price per bushel. 



4 



THE QUINCE RUST {Roestelia aurantiaca, Pk.). 



The orange rust of the quince attacks both fruit and stems, causing 

 swellings, from which short, horn-like processes protrude, in which the 

 reddish-yellow spores are developed. 



If the fruit is attacked while small, it will generally drop, but if it does 

 not come until the fruit has reached some size, and if the spot is small, it 

 will stop the growth of the portion attacked and cause the fruit to become 

 misshapen. 



The rust of the quince is one of the forms of the cedar apple, which 

 is often found in the spring on the branches of the red cedar. As a pre- 

 ventive it will be well to destroy all red cedars that are near fruit planta- 

 tions, especially if "cedar apples" are found upon them. Whenever the 

 swellings are found upon the branches of the quince trees, or when they 

 are seen upon the fruit, it will be well to remove and burn them. 



If the trees are kept well covered with some fungicidal preparation, the 

 spores will be killed as they germinate, and beyond the destruction of the 

 red cedars this will be the only thing that can be done as a preventive. 

 While it will greatly reduce the injury, if the rust has been troublesome 

 it may not be entirely effectual, and pains should be taken to remove all 

 of the portions that show the rust as soon as it appears. 



THE ROTS OP THE QUINCE. 



THE RIPE-ROT {Gloeosporium fructigenum, Berk.). PAL&ROT (Phoma cydonice, Sacc), and 



BLACK-ROT {SphcBropsis malorum, Pk.). 



The black-rot often appears before the fruit is half grown, and causes 

 the skin to turn brown. Small, dark pimples soon form beneath the 

 skin, through which the greenish-brown spores are protruded. The 

 remedy for this disease is the same as for the rust, spray to destroy the 

 spores as they germinate, and if any of them escape and cause the fruit to 

 rot, destroy the diseased fruit as soon as it is seen. 



The pale-rot works much the same as the one just described, but the 

 spots are at first nearly colorless and finally become of a light blue color. 

 The tissues beneath soon become softened and the infected portion wrinkles 

 up. The ripe-rot or bitter- rot is the same as is found upon the apple. The 

 flesh sinks away and the brown depressions are covered with pimples in 

 which pink colored spores are produced. As with the black-rot the 



