gg Stop es and Fujii, The aatritive relstions of the sarroanding tissues etc. 



Summary. 



We inav sinn u|) the chief results of fche aboye observations 

 and considerations as Eollows: 



1. Even the delicate walls of the endosperm cells are pitted 



in iiuicii tlic sj way as the wall between the egg cell and jacket 



layer of the endosperm. 



2. In addition to starch large numbers of protein granulös are 



present in the endosperm cells of Ginkgo and Cycads of quite the 

 sann- character and appearance to thoso in the egg cell. 



3. A final pü closing membtane is present in euch pü between 

 the egg cell and jacket cells, and this membrane as well as the 

 thickened portion of the pits of 2 nd and 3 rd Orders are perforated 

 only by Plasmodesmen. Thus any big open conminnication between 

 egg cell and jacket cells is positively denied. 



4. In no case have any wandering nuclei of the jacket or 

 endosperm cells heen observed; and even after the development of 

 the embryo has already begun, the jacket cell nuclei retain there 

 integrity. 



5. As it would be absurd to suggest that starch travels as 

 grains from cell to cell, so it is pointed out to be equally absurd 

 to say that the protein grains do this, either between two cells of 

 the endosperm, between endosperm cell and jacket cell, or between 

 jacket cell and egg cell. 



6. It is suggested that the jacket cells are glandulär or 

 secretory and render the storage food of the endosperm soluble 

 and available for the developing egg. At the same time their 

 possible activity in the synthesis of food stuffs of higher Compounds 

 from the supply of simpler forms is not to be disregarded. 



7. The fact that the jacket cells are less differentiated in some 

 of the higher Gymnosperms than in the Cycads and (rinkgo may 

 be corollated with the fact that in their ovules there is very little 

 or no storage of solid food stuffs in the endosperm near the growdng 

 egg cell, the jacket cells have .*. less work to do than in those 

 (Cycads and Ginkgo) where there is a large deposit of stored food 

 round tbe undeveloped egg. 



8. The w r ell developed jacket cells of the Gymnospermic 

 protballium are considered the phylogenetic homologues of the 

 Angiospermic antipodals, and attention is drawn to the similar 

 function performed by them and the active Antipodais of some 

 Angiosperms described by Westermaier and others. 



9. Transitory small grained starch has been detected in the 

 egg cells of Cycads, Ginkgo and Pinus and found in association 

 with the protein grains and even in the nutritive vacuoles. 



