76 DEPARTMENT REPORTS, 



EXAMINATION QUESTIONS IN LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 



1. Name the fine arts. Difference between imitation and interpretation of 

 nature. 



2. Name the divisions of landscape gardening; also give the leading differ- 

 ences between the beautiful and the pictuiesque. 



3. IIow do you increase appearance of extent? Illustrate gradation. 



4. Define variety. How is it attained? 



5. What is appropriation? Name three important points in the adornment 

 of highways. 



6. What are the leading characteristics of formal gardening? 



7. How can we produce gaiety? 



8. Name five points to be considered in the selection of a site for a resi- 

 dence. 



9. Name some importannt points in the adornment of cemeteries. 



10. How would you make a lawn? 



11. Describe an ideal group of trees. 



12. Describe an ideal windbreak. 



13. Where should we plant l^ombardy poplars ? 



It is the endeavor to illustrate the lectures, both in horticulture and land- 

 scape gardening, by actual practice, although, of course, it is impossible to ever 

 fully realize the effort. Necessarily, some of our work is not illustrative. I 

 transcribe from the work-book, the following routine of Avork, selected at ran- 

 dom, for a student during July: Pruning apple trees; weeding onions; mowing 

 with a lawn niower; potting strawberries; shovelling earth; cleaning apple 

 trees; pruning young wood from vineyard; picking peas; cleaning drive; clean- 

 ing and trimming drive, ditto; ditto; scraping apple trees; raking on drive; 

 ditto; ditto; pruning grapevines; raking and trimming drives; ditto. Two- 

 thirds of this was fairly illustrative. In this case the young man had expressed 

 no preference for any particular labor. I will take another instance for the 

 mojith of June: Killing currant worms; poisoning cabbage worms; ditto; 

 ditto; repairing bridge on lawn; planting apricots; applying commercial fer- 

 tilizer to cabbages; working on cold-frames; pruning apple trees; planting 

 various vegetable seeds; poisoning potato bugs; ditto; ditto; removing cold- 

 frames; poisoning ])otato bugs; ditto; transplanting celery; picking goose- 

 berries; picking peas. This student had expressed a desire to kill injurious 

 insects. One or two who desired to work in the orchards did four-fifths of 

 their Avork in pruning, scraping, training, etc. For all students who desire it, 

 I lay out experiments in the garden, orchards and vineyards, and give instruc- 

 tion in methods of mauipulation and original investigation. Many of those 

 who are taking the lectures in horticulture this fall will conduct experiments 

 next year in methods of culture, cross fertilization, and in other directions. 1 

 um also endeavoring to give my students actual jiractice in budding, grafting, 

 making layers, cuttings, etc. During the cold weather of early spring I shall 

 conduct indoor work with root grafting and other matters so far as our accom- 

 modations will permit. I shall also endeavor to give every student practice in 

 criticising varieties of fruit. In their seasons, collections of many varieties of 

 strawberries, rasi)berries, grapes and other fruits, upon labelled plates, will 

 be put before the students for testing. The students have taken hold of the 

 work cheerfully this summer. 



From the active horticulturists of the State the De])artment solicits comma- 



