ENTOMOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT. 173 



attract these moths to liquids, either sour or sweet, which are pLaced in vessels 

 suspended in the fruit trees. It is stated that sour milk and sweetened 

 water will lure scores of these moths and drown them. This remedy, like 

 thftt of attracting these moths by fires in which they will be burned, is 

 entirely worthless. I have tried both repeatedly, and with not a shadow of 

 success. 



SPRAYING WITH THE ARSENITES. 



By far the best remedy for this codling moth, is to use either London 

 Purple or Paris Green. The remedy is not only very efficient, but is also 

 easy of application, and not expensive. I have now tried this thoroughly 

 for six years, and in each and every case have been more than pleased with 

 its excellence. Enterprising fruit growers of ISTew York, Michigan, and 

 other States have also tried it and are as loud in its praise as I am. Indeed, 

 I know of no one who has tried it in vain. 



I have found London Purple just as effective as Paris Green, and as it is 

 cheaper, and rather easier to mix in the water, is to be preferred. White 

 arsenic will serve as well, but from its color it is apt to be mistaken for some 

 otlier substance, and may thus in the hands of the careless do great harm, 

 and perhaps even destroy human life. 



I mix the powder one pound to fifty gallons of water. It is best to wet 

 the powder thoroughly and make a paste before putting it into the vessel 

 of water, that it may all mix, and not form lumps. For a few trees we may 

 use a pail, and Whiteman's Fountain Pump, always keeping the liquid well 

 stirred. One common pail of the liquid will suffice for the largest tree. A tea- 

 spoonful of the poison is enough for a pailful of water. For a large orchard, 

 common barrels should be used, and drawn in a wagon. I prefer to have the 

 barrels stand on end, with a close movable float, with two holes through it, 

 one for the pipe or hose from the pump and the other for a stirrer. If very 

 large orchards are to be treated a good force pump should be fastened to the 

 barrel. In western New York the handle 'of the pump is attached to the 

 wagon wheel, so that no hand power is required other than to drive the 

 team and manage the pipe which carries the spray. The spray may be 

 caused by a fine perforated nozzle or a cyclone nozzle. The finer it is the 

 less liquid will be required. The important tiling is to scatter the spray on 

 all the fruit, and get just as little on as possible. The larva is killed by 

 eating the poison, and we find that the faintest trace suffices for the purpose. 

 Again, the poison should be applied early, by the time the fruit is the size of 

 a small pea. I have found one such application to work wonders. There is 

 no doubt but that the first application, followed by one or two others at in- 

 tervals of two or three weeks, would be more thorough, yet I have found one 

 application, made early, so effective, that I have wondered whether it is best 

 or necessary to make more than one apiDlication. I do think, however, that it 

 must be early. In May and June the calyx of the apple is up, and so the 

 poison is retained sufficiently long to kill most all of the insects. 



One more count in favor of this treatment, is the further good we receive 

 by killing the several phytophagous larvte that attack the foliage of the 

 apple at this early period when defoliation is so harmful. Thus the terrible 

 canker-worm, the several destructive leaf rollers which even eat out the very 

 buds, and that old pest, the tent caterpillar, are all made to bite the sod. 

 Very likely, too, the plum gouger which so deforms the apple in Wisconsin 

 may also find in this remedy its death warrant. 



