WINTER MEETING. 121 



stock should be covered with grafting wax, a good formula for which 

 is four pounds of white rosin, one pound of bees-wax and one pint of 

 linseed oil. 



WHIP-AND-TONGUE GRAFTING. 



Whipand-tongue grafting is done at any time during the winter. 

 The root is cut oflf with a sloping cut just below the crown, and the 

 end of the cion is cut with a similar slope to match it. A small tongue 

 is cut in the middle of the slope of the root and inserted behind a sim- 

 ilar tongue cut in the cion. The cambium lajer of both the root and 

 cion should be made to match, as near as possible. The graft is now 

 bound with string that has been dipped in grafting wax, composed of 

 four pounds of white rosin,';one pound of bees-wax, and one pint of lin- 

 seed oil. After the grafts are made, they should be packed in boxes of 

 sawdust or sand, slightly moistened, and planted in the nursery rows 

 at the first favorable moment in the spring. 



It is probably better to use only a portion of the root. If the 

 whole root is used, the top or graft will not be in proportion to the 

 root, and, as a result, the root will either become unhealthy and form 

 brown spots, or it will send up a lot of suckers from the crown, below 

 the graft. 



BUDDING. 



Budding consists of taking a bud, with a portion of the bark at- 

 tached, from a shoot of the current year's growth of one tree, and 

 inserting it under the bark of another tree. The proper time to bud is 

 when the sap is flowing so freely that the bark is easily separated from 

 the wood, and when the buds are perfectly developed. Take the shoot 

 with the buds you wish to use, insert the knife above the bud, and cut 

 it out with a shield-shaped piece of bark attached ; then make a T-shaped 

 cut in the bark of the stock, turn back the edges of the bark, slip the 

 bud into place and tie it firmly. 



Cuttings should be taken in the fall, as soon as the wood is ma- 

 tured, and through the winter months when the wood is not frozen. If 

 they are not planted out in the fall, they should be prepared early in 

 the winter, buried outside in a pit, and planted very early in the spring. 

 If planted late, the warm weather comes on before they have found 

 roots sufiicient to support the young leaves. 



MOUND-LAYERING. 



The Doucin, Paradise and Quince stocks, when raised in large 

 quantities, are propagated by mound-layering. The plants to be 

 propagated from should be planted in a deep, rich soil, and cut back 



