WINTER MEETING. 145 



a tree back when transplanted, to make the top balance the roots. 1 

 have taken scions four feet long and grafted them to one-half inch of 

 root and had them grow right along. I have taken trees of my own 

 growing four years old, too large to sell, transplanted them, and in 

 four more years (eight years from the graft), had them bear two barrels 

 of apples to the tree. This is a fact. 



Mr. Goodman — The Society does not indorse what any man says. 

 Everything said in these papers or discussions goes for what it is 

 worth, and every person is responsible for his own statements. Some 

 years ago Mr. Ilaseltine, of Springfield, with his 640-acre orchard, ad- 

 vocated no cultivation. For a few years he had wonderful success ; 

 he now raises nothing but cider apples. You can't tell me that we can 

 grow an orchard without cultivation because in the rich, virgin soil 

 some one may for a few years get wonderfal results in this way. 



As to the large tops and small roots, that must be taken with al- 

 lowance, also. You can't take a tree in June and cut all the top from 

 it, plant it in June and have it live. If that tree had been planted in 

 the spring, while dormant, it might have made a fair growth. In grow- 

 ing those large water-sprouts with a small piece of root, it was growing 

 a cutling. People grow numbers of apples from cutlings, like growing 

 quinces. Some varieties will do very well certain seasons. 



Mr. Green — I don't wish to go on record as favoring no cultiva- 

 tion. I have cultivated my orchard nicely, with the exception named. 



Mr. Morrill — What we learn at home we are sure of. When I 

 lived in Missouri I would not have trees high. You have summer and 

 winter here badly mixed. There is not a particle of evidence in favor 

 of a high-bodied tree in any part of Missouri. In Michigan I have a 

 35-foot extension ladder, and then I lack 30 feet of reaching the tops 

 of some of my old apple trees. The trunks of some of them are two 

 and one-half feet thick, 



Pres. T. T. Lyon is the best living authority in the United States 

 today. The trees he planted at the Experiment station at South Ha- 

 ven, Mich., have heads only 18 inches from the ground. When I asked 

 him if that was trunk enough for an apple-tree, he said : " If you can 

 give me any reason for more trunk, I will discuss the matter with 

 you." My experience is in favor of low-headed trees in Michigan. In 

 cutting back trees for buds we find those trees do best which are cut 

 back most. Our tall trees break down in the crotch. We are rapidly 

 getting into a frame of mind that doesn't want a long-bodied tree or a 

 long-limbed tree. 



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