WINTER MEETING. 163 



Mr. Evans — I have a man to start, to spraying very early in the 

 season, with my attention directed toward the fungi now and toward 

 insects later. We expect to work upon the first crop. It was the 

 third crop that used up the Doctor's apples. Last spring at my home 

 place I did not spray. I flattered myself that I was free from codling 

 moth as the result of the previous year's spraying, but ninety-five per 

 cent of my Geniting apples were wormy. 



Mr. Baxter of Illinois — 'No county in the United States sprays 

 more than Hancock county, Illinois. Last year we used 24,000 pounds 

 of blue vitriol. As a result we have saved our crop of grapes. Five 

 years ago we did not have enough to make jelly. This year the same 

 vineyard produced 3000 baskets of grapes. The old French mixture, 

 six pounds of vitriol and four pounds of lime to twenty-two gallons of 

 water, has given the best results. We slake our lime, let it cool, then 

 dissolve our bluestone in water; when we are ready to make our mix- 

 ture we put in the slaked lime and pour the bluestone upon it, with 

 thorough stirring. It will not settle. In spraying you must strike the 

 fruit. It is not sufficient to strike the foliage and the ground. We 

 spray before blooming and just after the fruit is set. If you don't 

 begin early you had just as well save your material. 



For apples we use the regular Bordeaux mixture, with one pound 

 of London purple to 200 gallons, immediately after the blossoms drop. 

 Do it thoroughly. The blue vitriol solution gives the apple a good 

 color. We are satisfied that spraying is a success with us. In 1000 

 bushels of apples not 10 per cent were imperfect. We were offered 

 30 cents per bushel more for apples than was offered for the best other 

 apples in the neighborhood. There are over 100 individuals in I^auvoo 

 who have had good crops for years. There is a great deal in the ma- 

 ohine. The best machine, on a large scale, is the Nixon, made at Day- 

 ton, O. The Nixon nozzle is one of the best I know of. For a knap- 

 sack nozzle the Vermorel is the best. It is strong, simply constructed, 

 and with care will last for a lifetime. 



Conrad Hartzell — The subject of spraying was *up before the St. 

 Joe Horticultural Society. It wants the best information it can get on 

 the subject from this Society. We want to know when the codling 

 moth gets in its work. Where does it stay in the winter ? 



Prof. Whitten — The codling moth winters in the cocoon, which 

 may be found almost anywhere. It hatches in the spring about the 

 time the fruit-trees bloom and for a few weeks later. They lay their 

 eggs in the blossom end of the apple. In a few days the little tiny 

 larva hatches and begins to gnaw its way right into the heart of the 

 fruit. It is ready to mature in three or four weeks. It then goes out 



