MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. 29^ 



six or seven panes, by similar, though finer, opaque, white ridges, 

 slopes slightly on all sides. Under the scales, which were stationary, 

 and which in no respect differed from those that were still moving 

 about over leaves and twigs, were found male pup?e entirely detached^ 

 and displaying wing pads and other members as seen in nympbte of the 

 higher Hemiptera. 



On the 22d of July winged males appeared in the rearing jar, 

 the pupal period being about one week. In this stage, also, the insect 

 is beautiful, with filmy, iridescent wings expanding 4""^ ; body rose-red,> 

 with some dark-brown shadings about the head and tip of the abdo- 

 men, and an especially distinct, dark-brown, transverse thoracic band. 

 August 10 hundreds of winged males, fresh pupre and active larvae 

 were still found on the leaves. The act of copulation did not come 

 under my eye, although the winged forms continually fluttered over 

 those that were crawling. The life of the male seems to be of about 

 a week's duration. My observations on this insect were interrupted 

 by absence from home from the middle of the month until the 5th of 

 September, when I found that the males had disappeared, and that the 

 females had attached themselves to the bark of such twigs as still 

 retained a measure of vigor. The scales were about one half grown, 

 had darkened, thickened, and become centrally elevated. As in all 

 scales, growth by the exudation of waxy material around the margin 

 was slowly progressing. At the present date ( November 10) the scales 

 are not more than two-thirds the size that they were last year, and not 

 nearly so numerous, and drop easily from the twigs upon which the 

 black fungus has appeared. This is very likely due to the debility of 

 the tree, which will scarcely survive the winter. 



Among the natural checks o^ Lecankim persiccv^ one true parasite 

 {CIdloneuriu alhicornis) was bred in small numbers from the mature 

 scales and the active young were extensively preyed upon by Chrysopa 

 larvfe, by Camptohrochis nehulosus — a small, speckled, gray bug that I 

 have always found in numbers upon leaves invested with Phylloxera 

 ril ?//, the oak Chermes, and similar minute forms — and more especially 

 by the flocculent larvai of a small Coccinellid about S*"™ long and nearly 

 as broad, black, with a red spot on each wing-cover, which has been 

 kindly determined for me as HyiyeTaspis signata. The larv* of the 

 latter were very numerous and active among the swarming young of 

 the Lecanium, but, strange to say, were not found on any other Coccid 

 or Aphis during the season. As I was desirous of preserving this 

 Lecanium through the summer for study, no insecticides were used 

 upon the tree, but from experiments made upon several twigs and 

 branches, there is no doubt that kerosene emulsion, thymo-cresol, and 



