144 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



the lower biul, after which, without filling the trench, place enough finely 

 pulverized earth against the row of cuttings, with the same slope, to cover 

 them to a depth of about half an inch after it shall have been thoroughly 

 compacted with a rammer, leaving the tops of the cuttings only, visible. 

 The rows should run cast and west, with the slope facing the sun. Tiie row 

 should be left in this condition till the aiiproach of the growing season, when 

 the trench, on the side next the cuttings, should receive a liberal dressing of 

 composted or fine manure, and be left tlius till the trench shall bo filled and 

 leveled by the cultivator and hoe when first passed over it. It should, how- 

 ever, be filled sooner in case of threatened drought. 



The advantages of the above process consist in ihe increased warmth 

 received through the slight covering facing the sun, during the warmest part 

 of the day early in the season ; and the stronger growth resulting from the 

 application of nianure within easy reach of the roots. 



Mallet Cuttings, 



Are made by leaving a short section of the older wood attached to the base 

 of the cutting; or, in the case of strong laterals, by using them with a por- 

 tion of the cane attached. Oiherwise, their treatment does not differ front 

 that of ordinary cuttings. Little advantage can, however, l)e derived from 

 their use, except that the greater size of the mallet increases the probability 

 of success, especially in the case of light cuttings, which, otherwise, would 

 have less material held in store to supply the demands of preliminary growth. 

 If only such are used, however, all except the base of each shoot or lateral 

 must be rejected, thus entailing waste of wood. 



Single Buds. 



"Where wood is scarce, or the variety rare or valuable, and often also with 

 more common varieties when propagated extensively, single buds are employed. 

 In such case only a short section of wood is taken, containing a bud. This is 

 usually placed horizontally, with the bud upward, in clean, sharp sand, with 

 which it is covered about half an inch. The sand is kept moist, and the tem- 

 perature down to about 40° or 50°, for several weeks, to encourage the growth 

 of roots, which are produced more slowly, and at a lower temperature than 

 leaves. Afterward the temperature is gradually raised, always, as far as prac- 

 ticable, keeping the sand several degrees warmer than the air above it. When 

 the plants have made two or three inches growth, they must be "potted off'* 

 into larger pots, with rich earth, which process must 1)C repeated two or three 

 times during the summer; or, otherwise, bed the plants in a cold frame or a 

 sheltered place, and gradually harden them till they become able to bear a 

 free exposure. 



Many other particulars are essential to the highest success; but the pro- 

 cesses demand considerable experience, as well as bottom heat and other 

 facilities only available to the more extensive propagator. "We therefore con- 

 tent ourselves with this very general description, and pass to the considera- 

 tion of 



THE I'KOPER SOIL AND ASPECT FOR A VINEYARD. 



The vine luxuriates in a warm, rich soil. It will, however, adapt itself to 

 almost any soil suitable for wheat, corn, and general farm crops. It should, 

 however, be remembered that a vineyard is a permanent plantation, and that, 

 on a retentive soil, a season is occasionally liable to occur so unusually and 



