148 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



cane at that point checks the flow of sap and forces it into the buds near by, 

 while the sap that flows past these buds goes rapidly to the extreme end of the 

 arm and forces the buds at that point into growth. In such case the buds 

 between tiiose at the base and the extreme end will sometimes fail to produce 

 canes. To avoid this we bend tiie canes; this graduates the check which is 

 necessarily given to the flow of sap, and each bud stands more nearly the 

 chance to get its proportion. When the buds have all started and made a 

 growth of two or three inches, the arms should be brought up level and 

 fastened to the side of the lower bar." 



With long jointed canes each bud upon these horizontal arms (as they will 

 now be called), may be allowed to produce a cane (or about six or eight, dis- 

 tributed as evenly as practicable along each arm), whicii canes, as they 

 lengthen, must be trained vertically and tied to the trellis. 



These canes must be stopped (by pinching) several times during the growing 

 season, the stronger ones the most frequently, for the purpose of strengthen- 

 ing the lower bud?, and equalizing the growths. 



Under favorable circumstances each of these canes may be expected to set 

 more or less fruit. It will, however, be better for the future of the vine if not 

 more than one or two bunches upon each cane be permitted to remain. 



At the pruning in the autumn of the third year, cut all these canes down to 

 two or three eyes. 



Fourth Yearns Training to a IreUis. 



With tiie commencement of the season's growth scart two canes from each 

 of the spurs left at the last fall's pruning, training them upright and evenly 

 distributed upon the trellis, and stopping all laterals, and the leaders occa- 

 sionally, as heretofore directed, for the purpose of equalizing their growths. 



These canes -will probably each produce three good clusters, possibly more, 

 but the vineyardist will need to be on the alert to prevent excessive fruiting, 

 the effect of which will be deQcient quality, imperfect clusters, or failure to 

 ripen, and, very possibly, the permanent enfeeblement of the vine. 



At the fall pruning cut the upper of the two canes upon each spur wholly 

 away, and cut the lower one back to two or three buds. 



SUBSEQUENT TREATMENT. 



In subsequent years repeat the process last described, keeping the spurs 

 upright by reversing the order of cutting away the spurs each year, and keep- 

 ing up the practice of occasionally stopping the canes as a means of maintain- 

 ing equality of vigor, strengthening the lower, or fruiting buds, and withal, 

 avoiding a waste of vigor in excessive wood growth, by checking a, tendency to 

 extend far above the trellis. 



VINES IN THE GARDEN, 



Or other sheltered place where space is limited, except in height, and where 

 the soil is, or should be, rich, may be planted four feet apart in the row, and 

 trained upon what may be called a double tier trellis, considerably higher than 

 that already described, every alternate vine being trained upon the lower wire 

 of the trellis, and limited to its lower half, and the remaining ones grown up 

 to the center wire before arms are laid down, and the upper half of the trellis 

 devoted to them. The training, otherwise, will be as already described. 



