PROCEEDINGS OF THE WINTER MEETING. 19 



devised, and by no means necessarily expensive arrangements are made for 

 the keeping of fruits in a room separate from vegetables, with simple 

 and easily managed devices for controlling the temperature. 



The adaptation of the orchard to the purpose specified, and its ability to 

 sujDply fresh (uncooked) fruit at all times, as an article of diet, as 

 distinguished from culinary uses, is mainly a question of varieties. 

 People generally are so accustomed to measure* the value of everything by 

 dollars and cents, that it is too commonly the custom to choose a variety 

 of fruit by its j)opularity in the market, which usually means its fine 

 appearance and ability to bear rough handling, rather than the flavor, 

 juciness and delicate texture which, while they to some extent unfit it for 

 the market, are yet precisely the qualities most valuable in a dessert fruit 

 for home use. 



True, many if not most farmers wish to plant for a home supply with a 

 surplus for market — by no means a difficult matter, since the difference 

 between dessert and market varieties mainly disajjpears in the longer 

 keepers, of which the surplus should mainly consist. 



The papers of the day, as well as the discussions of societies, are replete 

 with the cry, "Too many varieties!" This is, beyond question, an idea 

 not to be overlooked in the planting of a commercial orchard; but we 

 venture the remark, without fear of successful contradiction, that it should 

 have but slight influence in the make-uj) of the family orchard. Such a 

 plantation must include sweet and acid, culinary and dessert fruits, each 

 covering the different seasons. It is also true that tastes differ, and that, 

 to meet these varying needs, a very considerable number of varieties will 

 be found indispensable. 



For a plantation of this character, we suggest such varieties as Early 

 Strawberry, Primate, Summer Rose, Early Joe, Jefferis, Lowell, Dyer, 

 Fall Pippin, Shiawassee, and Melon, to be planted in quantity sufficient 

 only for home use, with Jonathan, Rhode Island Greening, Northern Spy, 

 Red Canada ( as a top graft and only where known to succeed ) , also Golden 

 and Roxbury Russets, with reference to a surplus if such is desired. We 

 would by no means overlook the Baldwin, although an occasionally severe 

 winter is likely to seriously injure or wholly ruin it, in many localities. 

 For the purjjose under consideration a few varieties of sweet apples will 

 be indispensable. Among such we suggest Sweet Bough, Golden Sweet, 

 Jersey Sweet, Ramsdell's Sweet, Bailey Sweet, Talman Sweet, and Lady's 

 Sweet, as affording a good and full succession for the year. 



COMMEECIAL OECHAKDS. 



There are two general purposes for which these are planted. 



1. For fhe supjDly of a local market, conveniently at hand, and for 

 which a continuous succesion of varieties is indispensable, and for the 

 making up of which the objection of too many varieties, has but a modi- 

 fied application. In selections for such purpose, culinary varieties, such 

 as Red Astrachan, Maiden's Blush, Gravenstein, St. Lawrence and 

 showy, firm, long-keepers generally, figure largely. 



2. When intended more especially for wholesale purposes, the too-many- 

 varieties objection finds its fullest and most appropriate application, 

 since there can be no doubt that, with a wise choice of varieties, a lot of 

 fruit of very few kinds, will command better prices than can be realized 

 for a mixed lot.. In such a plantation, as the rule, summer and autumn 



