94 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



their patents and devices for the use of steam in evaporators, some giving 

 very satisfactory results while others have their peculiar faults. But in 

 all the devices used in the manufacture of the fruit, whatever the claims 

 are of one machine or combination of steam pipes over another, whether 

 it be the great steam evaporator, the hot-air tower, the two brick walls, or 

 the small portable evaporator, steam is one and the same object — that is, 

 the jjroduction of the largest results with the smallest outlay for labor and 

 fuel. 



It makes little or no difference what evajaorator is used. Care, neatness, 

 and prudence j)roduce the same results in either case. The apples from 

 one command the same price in the market as those from the other, 

 depending entirely on the manner of the work, not the mode. 



MONEY IN SMALL EVAPOEATORS. 



The advantage in the small evaporator is that it gives the jDoor man a 

 chance to share in the profits with his richer neighbor. I make bold to 

 say that you may take any honest, industrious, sober man of good judg- 

 ment, economical in all his habits, and one who has a wife with the same 

 general qualifications, and with a family of from six or eight to ten or 

 fifteen children (the more the better) — you take such a man and put him 

 in the way of purchasing a cheap evaporator, and let him work up fruit 

 for one half the product, and in less than fifteen years he will own one of 

 the best farms in the vicinity; his sons will drive in their own carriages, 

 and his daughters will have their organ or piano. This is no fancy sketch. 

 I know of a great many such cases. A woman with two or three children 

 will work up an average of fifteen to twenty bushels per day, with the 

 waste, or 100 to 140 pounds of white apples and 20 to 25 pounds jelly 

 stock, which, at an average price of 7^ cents per jjound for the one and 2^ 

 for the other, would give her from $400 to $500 for the season's work of 

 ninety days — certainly a snug little sum. 



COST OF OPERATING LARGE EVAPORATORS. 



Many of you would like to know the average cost of a steam evaporator 

 with exx)ense of running and chances for per cent, of gain. I will try to 

 give you the figures. We will, for example, take one with capacity for 

 200 bushels and waste per day. Cost of such an evai^orator, including 100 

 galvanized wire trays, 1,500 feet of steam pijDe one inch in diameter, with 

 connections for the boiler, but not including the boiler, $600; machinery 

 necessary, such as parers, slicers, chopi^ers, etc., $100; bleacher, $25 to 

 $50; all ready for work, $750. Help needed to run this will be four persons 

 (boys or girls), 60 cents i^er day; eight trimmers (women), 60 cents; two 

 spreaders, two sorters (women), 60 cents; five tenders or waiters (boys), 

 60 cents; one bleacher and for other work (man), $1.25; two night work- 

 men, $1.50 each; one foreman $2, making in all 25 persons costing $19 

 per day. Add to this 1,500 joounds of soft coal, 20 pounds of limestone, 

 with wear and breakage of machines, etc., and you have the cost of pro- 

 ducing 1,200 to 1,400 pounds of white apples and about 500 pounds of 

 waste. This may vary a little, according to quality of apples and skill of 

 workmen and economy of management, but may be dejpended upon for 

 average results. 



This iDroduct of the day is worth, at ordinary prices, say 7^ cents 



