TWENTIETH ANNUAL MEETING. 99 



« 

 BED CANADA TOP-GRAFTED ON TRANSCENDENT CRAB. 



The scion outgrows the stock. 



I have concluded to add two other experiments to this paper. 



BALDWIN ON TALMAN SWEET, THREE YEARS OLD. 



Two trees. Time, 20 years; soil, clay loam. Tree No. 1, circumference 

 35^ inches; No. 2, 36 inches. Trees sound and healthy. 



LYSCOM ON SEEDLINGS THREE YEARS OLD. 



Time, 28 years; soil, clay loam; three trees. Tree No. 1, circumference 

 of stock 38 inches; circumference of graft 47 inches, a difference of nine 

 inches. Tree No. 2, circumference of stock 41 inches; circumference of 

 graft 42 inches. Tree No. 3, circumference 47 inches, union perfect. 



The Red Canada top-grafted upon the seedling, according to experiments 

 given, varied more, as to size, than when root-grafted, and frequently out- 

 grew the stock. Vice versa, the stock in some cases outgrew the graft. 



Red Canada on the Northern Spy made a complete union, each keei^ing 

 pace with the other, and this was especially true of the Red Canada on the 

 Lyscom, each producing a marked uniformity in development. 



The last two experiments speak for themselves. 



Tender varieties "double worked" on the Lyscom, or on some other 

 hardy, vigorous stock, will not only be hardy and strong but will be 

 uniform in size and shape. 



As a further proof of my confidence in the above facts, I am going to 

 plant another orchard on this plan, for my youngest son, and hope he 

 may be spared to publish the results in the horticultural works of 

 Michigan. 



*&^ 



Mr. A. B. Copley asked if a difference as to fruiting had been 

 noticed between the root-grafted and top-grafted trees. Mr. Beecher 

 replied that it had been, and was in favor of those top-grafted. 



Mr. J. N. Stearns: Whatever stock is used, it has an influence upon 

 the root. Red Canada upon seedling stocks will produce small roots; Spy 

 will produce large, spreading ones; Oldenbergs, large roots running 

 straight down and hard to dig. Therefore, Red Canada should be top- 

 grafted upon some vigorous-growing stock. 



Some one spoke of Talman Sweet doing well for this purpose, knowing 

 none better. It is hardier than Spy. 



Mr. Beecher : I have found Lyscom better because of its strongjoots. 

 It is better at two years than Esopus at four. 



Mr. Stearns: Colvert would do, only it roots too near the surface and 

 therefore is not as good as Spy or Talman Sweet, 



To this Mr. Beecher agreed and said the Greening is especially good 

 upon Lyscom, and that he would not take Red Canada on seedling stocks 

 even if given him. At best they would be variable, while on Lyscom 

 they will be of uniform size. 



Mr. Stearns: It is a great mistake to suppose that seedlings are hardy. 

 They are tenderer as a rule than budded sorts. 



Mr. L. B. Rice referred to an orchard of 265 trees in western New York, 

 the growth of which, especially the Baldwins, was thrifty as could be, but 



